{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:23:28Z","timestamp":1772119408641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009331","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XMLX 201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XMLX 201706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2017ZX10201201-001-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10201201-001-006"]}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2017ZX10201201-002-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10201201-002-006"]}]},{"name":"the National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2018ZX10715-005-003-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10715-005-003-005"]}]},{"name":"Project supported by Beijing science and technology commission","award":["D161100002716002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D161100002716002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015850","name":"the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["XXZ0302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXZ0302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015850","name":"the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["XXT28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXT28"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1618805146000},"page":"1853-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transforming growth factor \u03b2 as a possible independent factor in chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Ming-hui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang-fang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-hui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050515","volume":"12","author":"T Tu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tu T, Block JM, Wang S, Cohen C, Douglas MW (2020) The lived experience of chronic hepatitis B: a broader view of its impacts and why we need a cure. Viruses 12(5):515","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00140","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000140","volume":"11","author":"HW Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee HW, Kim EH, Lee J, Kim SU, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Han KH, Kim BK (2020) Natural history of untreated HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection with persistently elevated HBV DNA but normal alanine aminotransferase. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 11(3):e00140","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"30","key":"5062_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10395","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i30.10395","volume":"20","author":"CM Croagh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Croagh CM, Lubel JS (2014) Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: phases in a complex relationship. World J Gastroenterol 20(30):10395\u201310404","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.221275","volume":"131","author":"MH Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li MH, Zhang L, Zhang D, Cao WH, Qi TL, Hao HX, Wang XY, Ran CP, Qu XJ, Liu SA, Lu Y, Shen G, Wu SL, Chang M, Liu RY, Hu LP, Hua WH, Wan G, Cheng J, Xie Y (2018) Plasmacytoid dendritic cell function and cytokine network profiles in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Chin Med J (Engl) 131(1):43\u201349","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"15","key":"5062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.211541","volume":"130","author":"MH Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li MH, Zhang D, Zhang L, Qu XJ, Lu Y, Shen G, Wu SL, Chang M, Liu RY, Hu LP, Hao HX, Hua WH, Song SJ, Wan G, Liu SA, Xie Y (2017) Ratios of T-helper 2 cells to T-helper 1 cells and cytokine levels in patients with hepatitis B. Chin Med J (Engl) 130(15):1810\u20131815","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-4095-0","volume":"164","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Shu X, Lai J, Cao H, Lian Y, Stamataki Z, Huang Y (2019) A novel T-cell epitope in the transmembrane region of the hepatitis B virus envelope protein responds upon dendritic cell expansion. Arch Virol 164(2):483\u2013495","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1615","volume":"9","author":"C Waskow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Waskow C, Liu K, Darrasse-J\u00e8ze G, Guermonprez P, Ginhoux F, Merad M, Shengelia T, Yao K, Nussenzweig M (2008) The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Nature Immunol 9(6):676\u2013683","journal-title":"Nature Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5062_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900685","volume":"184","author":"M Guimond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guimond M, Freud AG, Mao HC, Yu J, Blaser BW, Leong JW, Vandeusen JB, Dorrance A, Zhang J, Mackall CL, Caligiuri MA (2010) In vivo role of Flt3 ligand and dendritic cells in NK Cell homeostasis. J Immunol 184(6):2769\u20132775","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"5062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.237394","volume":"131","author":"MH Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li MH, Lu Y, Zhang L, Wang XY, Ran CP, Hao HX, Zhang D, Qu XJ, Shen G, Wu SL, Cao WH, Qi TL, Liu RY, Hu LP, Chang M, Hua WH, Liu SA, Wan G, Xie Y (2018) Association of cytokines with alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis B envelope antigen levels in chronic hepatitis B. Chin Med J (Engl) 131(15):1813\u20131818","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"5062_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.006","volume":"63","author":"European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado","year":"2015","unstructured":"European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado (2015) EASL-ALEH clinical practice guidelines: non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol 63:237\u2013264","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.16333","volume":"32","author":"P Honkoop","year":"2000","unstructured":"Honkoop P, de Man RA, Niesters HG, Zondervan PE, Schalm SW (2000) Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 32(3):635\u2013639","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"5062_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23803","volume":"52","author":"HL Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan HL, Wong VW, Wong GL, Tse CH, Chan HY, Sung JJ (2010) A longitudinal study on the natural history of serum hepatitis B surface antigen changes in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 52(4):1232\u20131241","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.009","volume":"66","author":"M Cornberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornberg M, Wong VW, Locarnini S, Brunetto M, Janssen HLA, Chan HL (2017) The role of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen revisited. J Hepatol 66(2):398\u2013411","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"5062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.218000","volume":"130","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li MH, Cao WH, Qi TL, Lu Y, Wu SL, Hao HX, Shen G, Liu RY, Hu LP, Chang M, Hua WH, Song SJ, Wan G, Xie Y (2017) Negative correlation of serum hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis b e antigen levels with the severity of liver inflammation in treatment-na\u00efve patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Chin Med J (Engl) 130(22):2697\u20132702","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12439","volume":"45","author":"M Isogawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Isogawa M, Tanaka Y (2015) Immunobiology of hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res 45(2):179\u2013189","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"5062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00849","volume":"11","author":"P Fisicaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fisicaro P, Barili V, Rossi M, Montali I, Vecchi A, Acerbi G, Laccabue D, Zecca A, Penna A, Missale G, Ferrari C, Boni C (2020) Pathogenetic mechanisms of T cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection and related therapeutic approaches. Front Immunol 11:849","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5062_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"LM Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen LM, Fan XG, Ma J, He B, Jiang YF (2016) Molecular mechanisms of HBeAg in persistent HBV infection. Hepatol Inter 11(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"Hepatol Inter"},{"key":"5062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00299","volume":"9","author":"J George","year":"2018","unstructured":"George J, Mattapallil JJ (2018) Interferon-\u03b1 subtypes as an adjunct therapeutic approach for human immunodeficiency virus functional cure. Front Immunol 9:299","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.07.002","volume":"432","author":"T Nawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nawa T, Ishida H, Tatsumi T, Li W, Shimizu S, Kodama T, Hikita H, Hosui A, Miyagi T, Kanto T, Hiramatsu N, Hayashi N, Takehara T (2012) Interferon-\u03b1 suppresses hepatitis B virus enhancer II activity via the protein kinase C pathway. Virology 432(2):452\u2013459","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5062_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12470.PMID:25311087;PMCID:PMC4337679","volume":"179","author":"IL Heiberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heiberg IL, Pallett LJ, Winther TN, H\u00f8gh B, Maini MK, Peppa D (2015) Defective natural killer cell anti-viral capacity in paediatric HBV infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 179(3):466\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12470.PMID:25311087;PMCID:PMC4337679","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol."},{"key":"5062_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26301","author":"MH Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li MH, Chen QQ, Zhang L, Lu HH, Sun FF, Zeng Z, Lu Y, Yi W, Xie Y (2020) Association of cytokines with hepatitis B virus and its antigen. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26301 (Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32662892)","journal-title":"J Med Virol."}],"container-title":["Archives of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:11:32Z","timestamp":1623370292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05062-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-157879\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0304-8608","1432-8798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-8798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}