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Owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, including patient isolation, social distancing, hand washing, and mask wearing, have been widely implemented, impacting the transmission of common respiratory viruses. The aim of this study was to clarify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses in children less than 14 years of age in Wuhan before and after COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory specimens were collected from patients aged\u2009&lt;\u200914 years at two hospitals in Wuhan, China, from January 2018 to December 2021. Seven respiratory viruses were identified using an immunofluorescence assay. Pathogen profiles and seasonality were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of visits and virus detection rate decreased dramatically after February 2020. The respiratory virus detection rate peaked in January and December and decreased dramatically in February and August. The detection rate was lower in 2021 than in 2018 and 2019. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified as the leading pathogen in children aged\u2009&lt;\u20091 year and 1\u20134 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In children aged 5\u201314 years, influenza virus was detected at the highest rate before, and RSV after, the COVID-19 pandemic. RSV was the most common virus in coinfections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed the epidemiological patterns of common respiratory viruses from 2018 to 2021. The spectrum of pathogens involved in paediatric respiratory infections had partly changed. Non-pharmaceutical interventions resulted in fewer opportunities for the spread of common viruses but also in an \u201cimmunity debt\u201d that could have negative consequences when the pandemic is under control in Wuhan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-023-05891-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T04:02:23Z","timestamp":1699934543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The changing pattern of common respiratory viruses among children from 2018 to 2021 in Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5891_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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