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Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of available data on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A literature search was conducted from 2000 to 2024 using the databases Medline, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science, following PRISMA guideline. Search terms included: \u201chepatitis B virus\u201d, \u201cHBsAg\u201d, \u201cHBV\u201d, \u201cprevalence\u201d, and \u201cLatin America and the Caribbean\u201d. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of HBV (HBsAg), and the\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    statistic was used to assess heterogeneity between studies. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. In total, 190 studies were included in the analysis and the estimated global prevalence of HBV was 1.0% (95% CI: 1.0%-1.0%). In population subgroup analyses, the prevalence in general population was 1.0%, indigenous people was 6.0%, HIV-infected individuals was 5.0%, and inmates was 1.0%. The prevalence found was 2.0% in the period of 2000\u20132008, 1.0% in 2009\u20132016, and 1.0% in 2017\u20132024. The prevalence trends over time in the general population, indigenous people, HIV-infected individuals and inmate subgroups were 1.0%, 11.0%, 6.0% and 12.0% in the period of 2000\u20132008, 1.0%, 4.0%, 3.0% and 0.0% in 2009\u20132016, and 1.0%, 5.0%, 8.0% and 0.1% in 2017\u20132024, respectively. In LAC, HBV prevalence decreases over time, but risk subgroups stand out with elevated prevalence, such as indigenous people and HIV-infected individuals. Strategies to expand testing, treatment and vaccination with a focus on these subgroups may be relevant to reduce the prevalence of HBV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-026-06562-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T15:14:15Z","timestamp":1771686855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of hepatitis B in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7416-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Cavalheiro","family":"Magri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Manchiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Peixoto","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderley Marques","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Abdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Mitiko","family":"Tengan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6562_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) Global hepatitis report 2024: action for access in low- and middle-income countries. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240091672 Accessed 06 June 2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"6562_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2211764","volume":"388","author":"G Dusheiko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dusheiko G, Agarwal K, Maini MK (2023) New approaches to chronic hepatitis B. 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