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As a result of the obtained data, the digestive tract of <jats:italic>L. limbosus<\/jats:italic> has three main parts: fore, mid, and hindgut. The salivary gland and gastric caeca are structures that assist digestion. The salivary gland is a pair consisting of the principal and accessory salivary glands. The foregut has the pharynx and esophagus. The pharynx structure is located immediately after the mouth and continues with the esophagus as a thin, long canal. The esophagus connects to the ventriculus 1 (V1). The midgut consists of three parts: V1, V2, and V3. The V1 and V2 have a single layer of cylindrical epithelium. However, the proximal and distal parts of V3 have cylindrical epithelium, while the lateral part exhibits a cuboidal form. The ileum and rectum make up the hindgut. The first has a cylindrical epithelium; the second has a squamous epithelium. The two pairs of Malpighian tubules, which are attached to the midgut-hindgut junction, are responsible for excretion and osmoregulation. Crystals with a deltoid shape are seen in the lumen of the Malpighian tubule and the rectum. This study is the first on the digestive and excretory system morphology of the Cydnidae family and will make significant contributions to studies on this subject in the Heteroptera, including this family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T13:42:28Z","timestamp":1747834948000},"page":"1439-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anatomical and histological descriptions of the alimentary system, salivary gland, and Malpighian tubules of Legnotus limbosus, the bordered shieldbug (Geoffroy, 1785) (Heteroptera: Cydnidae)-light and electron microscopic studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7137-8631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurcan","family":"\u00d6zyurt Ko\u00e7ako\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hicret","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selami","family":"Candan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2077_CR1","first-page":"3","volume":"4","author":"NM Al-Sandouk","year":"1977","unstructured":"Al-Sandouk NM (1977) Groos anatomy of the alimentary canal of Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (Heteroptera Lygaeidae). 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H. \u041a\u0438p\u0438\u0447e\u043d\u043ao. \u2014 \u041be\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433pa\u0434 : \u0418\u0437\u0434-\u0432o A\u043aa\u0434. \u043day\u043a CCCP, 1951. \u2014 423 c"},{"key":"2077_CR45","unstructured":"\u041fy\u0447\u043ao\u0432 B\u0413 (1961) \u0429\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \/ B. \u0413. \u041fy\u0447\u043ao\u0432 \/\/ \u0424ay\u043da \u0423\u043apa\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u2014 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432 : B\u0438\u0434-\u0432o AH \u0423PCP, 1961. \u2014 T. 21, \u0432\u0438\u043f. 1. \u2014 338 c"},{"key":"2077_CR46","unstructured":"\u041fy\u0447\u043ao\u0432 B\u0413(1972) O\u0442p\u044f\u0434 Hemiptera (Heteroptera) \u2014 \u043fo\u043by\u0436ec\u0442\u043ao\u043ap\u044b\u043b\u044be \/ B. \u0413. \u041fy\u0447\u043ao\u0432 \/\/ Hace\u043ao\u043c\u044be \u0438 \u043a\u043be\u0449\u0438. 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I : Hace\u043ao\u043c\u044be c \u043de\u043fo\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043fpe\u0432pa\u0449e\u043d\u0438e\u043c. \u2014 320 c"}],"container-title":["Protoplasma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:04:01Z","timestamp":1760961841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00709-025-02077-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-183X","1615-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article was initially submitted by the authors in English and was first published here.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Additional information"}}]}}