{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:53:17Z","timestamp":1789501997568,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Protoplasma"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:57:23Z","timestamp":1785801443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CRISPR\u2013Cas-based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: current advances and translational bottlenecks"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nour","family":"Akkoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaati","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipasha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaseem","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzil Gaffar","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Shafrina","family":"Wan Mohd Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7824-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid Rehman","family":"Hakeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2250_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24049","volume":"550","author":"OO Abudayyeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Essletzbichler P, Han S, Joung J, Belanto JJ et al (2017) RNA targeting with CRISPR\u2013Cas13. Nature 550:280\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature24049","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2250_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1664939","volume":"8","author":"J-W Ai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ai J-W, Zhou X, Xu T, Yang M, Chen Y, He G-Q et al (2019) CRISPR-based rapid and ultra-sensitive diagnostic test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 8:1361\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2019.1664939","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2250_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00543-2016","volume":"48","author":"H Albert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albert H, Nathavitharana RR, Isaacs C, Pai M, Denkinger CM, Boehme CC (2016) Development, roll-out and impact of Xpert MTB\/RIF for tuberculosis: what lessons have we learnt and how can we do better? Eur Respir J 48:516\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00543-2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2250_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00208-12","volume":"50","author":"W Ao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ao W, Aldous S, Woodruff E, Hicke B, Rea L, Kreiswirth B et al (2012) Rapid detection of rpoB gene mutations conferring rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 50:2433\u20132440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00208-12","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bai X, Gao P, Qian K, Yang J, Deng H, Fu T et al. (2022) A Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection Method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutations Utilizing the CRISPR-Cas13a System. Front Microbiol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.847373","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.847373"},{"key":"2250_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138140","volume":"315","author":"R Barrangou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S et al (2007) CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. Science (80-) 315:1709\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1138140","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bell AG, Dunkley ORS, Modi NH, Huang Y, Tseng S, Reiss R et al. (2025) A streamlined CRISPR-based test for tuberculosis detection directly from sputum. Sci Adv 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adx2067","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adx2067"},{"key":"2250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907847","volume":"363","author":"CC Boehme","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, Nicol MP, Shenai S, Krapp F et al (2010) Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. N Engl J Med 363:1005\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0907847","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2250_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0513-4","volume":"38","author":"JP Broughton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Broughton JP, Deng X, Yu G, Fasching CL, Servellita V, Singh J et al (2020) CRISPR\u2013Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Biotechnol 38:870\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0513-4","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2250_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c01686","volume":"8","author":"G Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao G, Yang N, Xiong Y, Shi M, Wang L, Nie F et al (2023) Completely free from PAM limitations: asymmetric RPA with CRISPR\/Cas12a for nucleic acid assays. ACS Sensors 8:4655\u20134663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssensors.3c01686","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"2250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e410","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2017\/e410","volume":"73","author":"GG Carnevale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carnevale GG, Vargas FS, Caiaffa-Filho HH, Acencio MMP, Mar\u00e7al LJ, Sales RKB et al (2018) Preanalytical conditions can interfere with M. tuberculosis detection by PCR in respiratory samples. Clinics 73:e410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2017\/e410","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"2250_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4357-4362.2005","volume":"43","author":"S Chakravorty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chakravorty S, Sen MK, Tyagi JS (2005) Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by smear, culture, and PCR using universal sample processing technology. J Clin Microbiol 43:4357\u20134362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4357-4362.2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6245","volume":"360","author":"JS Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen JS, Ma E, Harrington LB, Da Costa M, Tian X, Palefsky JM et al (2018) CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity. Science (80-) 360:436\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aar6245","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341437","volume":"1270","author":"M Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng M, Tan C, Xiang B, Lin W, Cheng B, Peng X et al (2023) Chain hybridization-based CRISPR-lateral flow assay enables accurate gene visual detection. Anal Chim Acta 1270:341437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341437","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"2250_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.120101","volume":"567","author":"P Compiro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Compiro P, Chomta N, Nimnual J, Sunantawanit S, Payungporn S, Rotcheewaphan S et al (2025) CRISPR-Cas12a-based detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium spp. Clin Chim Acta 567:120101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2024.120101","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2250_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202500036","author":"S Dalgan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dalgan S, Wei Q (2025) From lab to market: paper\u2010based CRISPR diagnostics and commercialization pathways. Adv Sens Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adsr.202500036","journal-title":"Adv Sens Res"},{"key":"2250_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng Z, Weng X, Tang H, Zou T, Zhou X, Liu H et al. (2025) Rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the RPA\/Cas12f1_ge4.1 system with fluorescence and lateral flow readouts. Microbiol Spectr 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02652-24","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02652-24"},{"key":"2250_CR18","first-page":"442","volume":"137","author":"P Desikan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Desikan P (2013) Sputum smear microscopy in tuberculosis: is it still relevant? Indian J Med Res 137:442\u2013444","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2250_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30691-6","volume":"18","author":"SE Dorman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dorman SE, Schumacher SG, Alland D, Nabeta P, Armstrong DT, King B et al (2018) Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Infect Dis 18:76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30691-6","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dunkley ORS, Bell AG, Modi NH, Huang Y, Tseng S, Reiss R et al. (2025) A streamlined point-of-care CRISPR test for tuberculosis detection directly from sputum. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.02.19.25322517","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.19.25322517"},{"key":"2250_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gan T, Yu J, Deng Z, He J (2024) ERA-CRISPR\/Cas12a system: a rapid, highly sensitive and specific assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1454076","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1454076"},{"key":"2250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107843","volume":"207","author":"M Ghosh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghosh M, Lahiri M, Dalal A, Parida KK, Kalia NP (2025) Advancements in tuberculosis diagnostics: an update. Microb Pathog 207:107843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107843","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00496","volume":"12","author":"A Ghouneimy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghouneimy A, Mahas A, Marsic T, Aman R, Mahfouz M (2023) CRISPR-based diagnostics: challenges and potential solutions toward point-of-care applications. ACS Synth Biol 12:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00496","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol"},{"key":"2250_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215642","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215642","volume":"14","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Mendoza-Ramos JL, Pedroza SC, Cuellar-Monterrubio AA, M\u00e1rquez-Ipi\u00f1a AR, Lira-Serhan D et al (2019) Validation of use of the miniPCR thermocycler for Ebola and Zika virus detection. PLoS One 14:e0215642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0215642","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2250_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","volume":"356","author":"JS Gootenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Lee JW, Essletzbichler P, Dy AJ, Joung J et al (2017) Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a\/C2c2. Science (80-) 356:438\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aam9321","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq0179","volume":"360","author":"JS Gootenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Kellner MJ, Joung J, Collins JJ, Zhang F (2018) Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6. Science (80-) 360:439\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaq0179","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118275","volume":"189","author":"T Hall","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hall T, Gulati S, Sang R, Jia Z, Mckinnirey F, Vesey G et al (2025) CRISPR biosensing with lateral flow assays for point of care diagnostics: overcoming commercial development challenges. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 189:118275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118275","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"2250_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19132-4","volume-title":"Tuberculosis in adults and children","author":"D Heemskerk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heemskerk D, Caws M, Marais B, Farrar J (2015) Tuberculosis in adults and children, vol 2. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19132-4"},{"key":"2250_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150496","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0496","volume":"371","author":"F Hille","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hille F, Charpentier E (2016) CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 371:20150496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0496","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2250_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1844184","author":"Y Hu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhao D, Diao Y, Bai C, Zhou K, Huang F et al (2026) Simultaneous molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug resistance using CRISPR-AaCas12b-based nucleic acid assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1844184","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e482","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00087-8","volume":"3","author":"Z Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Z, LaCourse SM, Kay AW, Stern J, Escudero JN, Youngquist BM et al (2022) CRISPR detection of circulating cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in adults and children, including children with HIV: a molecular diagnostics study. Lancet Microbe 3:e482\u2013e492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00087-8","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2250_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11409","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02538","volume":"94","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J, Liang Z, Liu Y, Zhou J, He F (2022) Development of an MSPQC nucleic acid sensor based on CRISPR\/Cas9 for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anal Chem 94:11409\u201311415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c02538","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"2250_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12100779","volume":"12","author":"Z Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Z, Liu S, Pei X, Li S, He Y, Tong Y et al (2022) Fluorescence signal-readout of CRISPR\/Cas biosensors for nucleic acid detection. Biosensors 12:779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios12100779","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"2250_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63094-x","volume":"16","author":"Z Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang Z, Song Z, Zeng J, Liu X, Fang M, Wu Z et al (2025) Sensitive pathogen DNA detection by a multi-guide RNA Cas12a assay favoring trans- versus cis-cleavage. Nat Commun 16:8257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-63094-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2250_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang Z, Zhang G, Lyon CJ, Hu TY, Lu S (2023) Outlook for CRISPR-based tuberculosis assays now in their infancy. Front Immunol 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1172035","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1172035"},{"key":"2250_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia N, Wang C, Liu X, Huang X, Xiao F, Fu J et al. (2023) A CRISPR-Cas12a-based platform for ultrasensitive rapid highly specific detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical application. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1192134","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1192134"},{"key":"2250_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225829","volume":"337","author":"M Jinek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jinek M, Chylinski K, Fonfara I, Hauer M, Doudna JA, Charpentier E (2012) A Programmable Dual-RNA\u2013Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity. Science (80-) 337:816\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1225829","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00760-7","volume":"5","author":"MM Kaminski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaminski MM, Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Zhang F, Collins JJ (2021) CRISPR-based diagnostics. Nat Biomed Eng 5:643\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41551-021-00760-7","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2250_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00485","volume":"27","author":"S Kanitchinda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanitchinda S, Srisala J, Suebsing R, Prachumwat A, Chaijarasphong T (2020) CRISPR-Cas fluorescent cleavage assay coupled with recombinase polymerase amplification for sensitive and specific detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. Biotechnol Reports 27:e00485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.btre.2020.e00485","journal-title":"Biotechnol Reports"},{"key":"2250_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0210-2","volume":"14","author":"MJ Kellner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kellner MJ, Koob JG, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Zhang F (2019) SHERLOCK: nucleic acid detection with CRISPR nucleases. Nat Protoc 14:2986\u20133012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-019-0210-2","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2250_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.3390\/s25175414","volume":"25","author":"DM Kinyua","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kinyua DM, Memeu DM, Mugo Mwenda CN, Della VB, Velotta R (2025) Advancements and applications of lateral flow assays (LFAs): A comprehensive review. Sensors 25:5414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25175414","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2250_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.03.043","volume":"47","author":"P Kozma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kozma P, Lehmann A, Wunderlich K, Michel D, Schumacher S, Ehrentreich-F\u00f6rster E et al (2013) A novel handheld fluorescent microarray reader for point-of-care diagnostic. Biosens Bioelectron 47:415\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2013.03.043","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2250_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.18.2.49","volume":"18","author":"MR Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar MR, Doddamani PK, Peter LS, Parandekar P, Reddy S (2024) Pattern of Mutations in Rifampicin Resistance (rpoB) Gene and Analysis of Rifampicin Indeterminate Result in Tuberculosis Detected by Xpert MTB\/RIF Assay in Kalaburagi, India. J Pure Appl Microbiol 18:1290\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22207\/JPAM.18.2.49","journal-title":"J Pure Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoes.2025.101205","volume":"20","author":"B Kuswandi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kuswandi B, Amalia R, Pitaloka DAE, Murti BT, Hidayat MA (2025) Electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis. Int J Electrochem Sci 20:101205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoes.2025.101205","journal-title":"Int J Electrochem Sci"},{"key":"2250_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-018-0028-z","volume":"4","author":"S-Y Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li S-Y, Cheng Q-X, Wang J-M, Li X-Y, Zhang Z-L, Gao S et al (2018) CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted nucleic acid detection. Cell Discov 4:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-018-0028-z","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2250_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S333433","volume":"14","author":"M Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li M, Lu J, Lu Y, Xiao T, Liu H, Lin S et al (2021) rpoB mutations and effects on rifampin resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist 14:4119\u20134128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S333433","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2250_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081507","volume":"12","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q, Wang N, Pang M, Miao H, Dai X, Li B et al (2024) Rapid and highly sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizing the recombinase aided amplification-based CRISPR-Cas13a system. Microorganisms 12:1507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12081507","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2250_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.4c01206","volume":"5","author":"M Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li M, Shen C, Lv M, Luo Y (2025) Nanobiosensors enable high-efficiency detection of tuberculosis nucleic acid. JACS Au 5:536\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacsau.4c01206","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"2250_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin Z, Song Z, Yu H, Zhou Y, Liu D, Zhang P et al. (2025) Ultra-sensitive in situ detection of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis with CRISPR\/Cas12a. Front Immunol 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1597654","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1597654"},{"key":"2250_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00165-25","author":"P Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu P, Zhang J, Gong Y, Liu W, Xiao G, Liang J et al (2025) Application of engineered CRISPR\/Cas12a variants with altered protospacer adjacent motif specificities for the detection of isoniazid resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00165-25","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2250_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu P, Wang X, Liang J, Dong Q, Zhang J, Liu D et al. (2022) A recombinase polymerase amplification-coupled Cas12a mutant-based module for efficient detection of streptomycin-resistant mutations in mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.796916","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.796916"},{"key":"2250_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2025.e00635","volume":"21","author":"K Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo K, Cheng W, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Liang C, Li J et al (2025) A portable low-cost polymerase chain reaction device. HardwareX 21:e00635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ohx.2025.e00635","journal-title":"HardwareX"},{"key":"2250_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1428","volume":"101","author":"C Lyu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lyu C, Shi H, Cui Y, Li M, Yan Z, Yan L et al (2020) CRISPR-based biosensing is prospective for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 101:183\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1428","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0299-x","volume":"18","author":"KS Makarova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Makarova KS, Wolf YI, Iranzo J, Shmakov SA, Alkhnbashi OS, Brouns SJJ et al (2020) Evolutionary classification of CRISPR\u2013Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants. Nat Rev Microbiol 18:67\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-019-0299-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meghdadi H, Khosravi AD, Ghadiri AA, Sina AH, Alami A (2015) Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extrapulmonary biopsy samples using PCR targeting IS6110, rpoB, and nested-rpoB PCR Cloning. Front Microbiol 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00675","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00675"},{"key":"2250_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4188-8","volume":"19","author":"AW Mesman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mesman AW, Soto M, Coit J, Calderon R, Aliaga J, Pollock NR et al (2019) Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pediatric stool samples using TruTip technology. BMC Infect Dis 19:563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4188-8","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13393","volume":"23","author":"P Miotto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miotto P, Zhang Y, Cirillo DM, Yam WC (2018) Drug resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis. Respirology 23:1098\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.13393","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2250_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.101851","author":"A Mittal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mittal A, Manna S, Nelson V, Ladha N (2026) In silico design of gRNA for CRISPR system for detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis using Indian Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes: a computational study. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.101851","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2250_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas8836","volume":"360","author":"C Myhrvold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myhrvold C, Freije CA, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Metsky HC, Durbin AF et al (2018) Field-deployable viral diagnostics using CRISPR-Cas13. Science (80-) 360:444\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aas8836","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"2250_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70535-y","volume":"14","author":"VJ Nehru","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nehru VJ, Jose Vandakunnel M, Brammacharry U, Ramachandra V, Pradhabane G, Mani BR et al (2024) Risk assessment and transmission of fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study. Sci Rep 14:19719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-70535-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2250_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0321690","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321690","volume":"20","author":"H Nelson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nelson H, Song JT, Kinshella M-LW, Cochrane J, Mooder K, Hassani K et al (2025) A qualitative systematic review of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of community-based molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases. PLoS One 20:e0321690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0321690","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2250_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16076","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.76","volume":"2","author":"M Pai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pai M, Behr MA, Dowdy D, Dheda K, Divangahi M, Boehme CC et al (2016) Tuberculosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2:16076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.76","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2250_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng L, Fang T, Cai Q, Li H, Li H, Sun H et al. (2024) Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum using CRISPR-Cas12b combined with cross-priming amplification in a single reaction. J Clin Microbiol 62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00923-23","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00923-23"},{"key":"2250_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101211","volume":"11","author":"Y Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi Y, Li K, Li Y, Guo D, Xu J, Li Y et al (2022) CRISPR-based diagnostics: a potential tool to address the diagnostic challenges of tuberculosis. Pathogens 11:1211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11101211","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2250_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00340C","volume":"24","author":"X Qian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qian X, Xu Q, Lyon CJ, Hu TY (2024) CRISPR for companion diagnostics in low-resource settings. Lab Chip 24:4717\u20134740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4LC00340C","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2250_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiu M, Li P (2021) CRISPR\/Cas-based diagnostics and gene therapy. BIO Integr 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15212\/bioi-2020-0048","DOI":"10.15212\/bioi-2020-0048"},{"key":"2250_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1117085","author":"W Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren W, Zhou Y, Li H, Shang Y, Zhang X, Yuan J et al (2023) Development and clinical evaluation of a CRISPR\/Cas13a-based diagnostic test to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1117085","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2023.100379","volume":"32","author":"M Rostamian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rostamian M, Kooti S, Abiri R, Khazayel S, Kadivarian S, Borji S et al (2023) Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 32:100379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2023.100379","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15120812","volume":"15","author":"IV Safenkova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Safenkova IV, Kamionskaya MV, Sotnikov DV, Biketov SF, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB (2025) Advancing lateral flow detection in CRISPR\/Cas12a systems through rational understanding and design strategies of reporter interactions. Biosensors (Basel) 15:812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios15120812","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"2250_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.032","volume":"83","author":"IK Sam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sam IK, Chen Y, Ma J, Li S, Ying R, Li L et al (2021) TB-QUICK: CRISPR-Cas12b-assisted rapid and sensitive detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect 83:54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.032","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2250_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.71697","author":"A Shetty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shetty A, Kwas H, Rajhi H, Rangareddy H, Fryer J (2024) Revolutionizing tuberculosis management with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas technology: a comprehensive literature review. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.71697","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2250_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi Y, Kang L, Mu R, Xu M, Duan X, Li Y et al. (2022) CRISPR\/Cas12a-Enhanced Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Visual Detection of Shigella flexneri. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.845688","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.845688"},{"key":"2250_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2026.101607","volume":"36","author":"K Sundaram","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sundaram K, Rathinam S, Prabhu V (2026) Clinical and diagnostic misperception of tuberculosis and systemic fungal infections. J Med Mycol 36:101607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mycmed.2026.101607","journal-title":"J Med Mycol"},{"key":"2250_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40754","volume":"10","author":"S Taufiq","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taufiq S, Nagata M, Abbas SR, Sode K (2024) An electrochemical biosensor for the detection of tuberculosis specific DNA with CRISPR-Cas12a and redox-probe modified oligonucleotide. Heliyon 10:e40754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40754","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2250_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37183-8","volume":"14","author":"SG Thakku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thakku SG, Lirette J, Murugesan K, Chen J, Theron G, Banaei N et al (2023) Genome-wide tiled detection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-free DNA using Cas13. Nat Commun 14:1803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37183-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2250_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116134","volume":"219","author":"JG Tigga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tigga JG, Sahu VK, Patel MK (2025) Next-generation metal-based tuberculosis biosensing: from conventional methods to nanoscale innovations. Microchem J 219:116134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116134","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"2250_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0296563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296563","volume":"19","author":"PR Torokaa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Torokaa PR, Majigo MV, Kileo H, Urio L, Mbwana MR, Monah MC et al (2024) The pattern of rpoB gene mutation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and predictors of rifampicin resistance detected by GeneXpert MTB\/RIF assay in Tanzania. PLoS One 19:e0296563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0296563","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2250_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tram TTB, Ha VTN, Trieu LPT, Ashton PM, Crawford ED, Thu DDA et al. (2023) FLASH-TB: an application of Next-Generation CRISPR to detect drug resistant tuberculosis from direct sputum. J Clin Microbiol 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.01634-22","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01634-22"},{"key":"2250_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0","volume":"385","author":"M Uplekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uplekar M, Weil D, Lonnroth K, Jaramillo E, Lienhardt C, Dias HM et al (2015) WHO\u2019s new end TB strategy. Lancet 385:1799\u20131801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2250_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-021-04985-w","volume":"188","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li J, Li S, Zhu X, Wang X, Huang J et al (2021) LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12-based diagnostic platform for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using real-time fluorescence or lateral flow test. Microchim Acta 188:347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-021-04985-w","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"2250_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70482","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Li B, Li Y, Chen Z et al (2025) CRISPR-driven diagnostics: molecular mechanisms, clinical efficacy and translational challenges. Clin Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ctm2.70482","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"2250_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4603","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR03852E","volume":"17","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang W, Du H, Dai C, Ma H, Luo S, Wang X et al (2025) Amplification-free detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using CRISPR-Cas12a and graphene field-effect transistors. Nanoscale 17:4603\u20134609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4NR03852E","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2250_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14749","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TB01727K","volume":"13","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Guan X, Sun S (2025) A CRISPR\/Cas12a-based aptasensor enhanced by functionalized AuNPs for sensitive full-range C-reactive protein detection. J Mater Chem B 13:14749\u201314760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D5TB01727K","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"2250_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Lin H, Yang A, Huang J, Ren W, Dong J et al. (2024) Rapid and sensitive diagnosis of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat\u2010Cas13a point\u2010of\u2010care RNA testing. VIEW 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/VIW.20230109","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20230109"},{"key":"2250_CR85","unstructured":"WHO (2025) Global tuberculosis report 2025"},{"key":"2250_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2024.2375233","volume":"24","author":"AF Wilkinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilkinson AF, Barra MJ, Novak EN, Bond M, Richards-Kortum R (2024) Point-of-care isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests: progress and bottlenecks for extraction-free sample collection and preparation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 24:509\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737159.2024.2375233","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2250_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-12190-w","volume":"25","author":"G Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu G, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Sun H et al (2025) Detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using CRISPR\/Cas14a-enabled molecular techniques. BMC Infect Dis 25:1813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12190-w","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wulandari DA, Zein MIHL, Zakiyyah SN, Ishmayana S, Ozsoz M, Wahyuni Hartati Y et al. (2025) CRISPR-Cas9-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of katG gene mutations in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. ADMET DMPK 2766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5599\/admet.2766","DOI":"10.5599\/admet.2766"},{"key":"2250_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03899-4","volume":"25","author":"G Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao G, Liu H, Xu H, Shi H, Liu D, Ou M et al (2025) Direct detection from sputum for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a CRISPR-Cas14a-based approach. BMC Microbiol 25:188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-025-03899-4","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiao J, Li J, Quan S, Wang Y, Jiang G, Wang Y et al. (2023) Development and preliminary assessment of a CRISPR\u2013Cas12a-based multiplex detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1233353","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1233353"},{"key":"2250_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43357","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04422","volume":"8","author":"D Yigci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yigci D, At\u00e7eken N, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S (2023) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-integrated CRISPR methods for infectious disease diagnosis at point of care. ACS Omega 8:43357\u201343373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c04422","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2250_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youngquist BM, Saliba J, Kim Y, Cutro TJ, Lyon CJ, Olivo J et al. (2025) Rapid tuberculosis diagnosis from respiratory or blood samples by a low cost, portable lab-in-tube assay. Sci Transl Med 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp6411","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adp6411"},{"key":"2250_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.04.005","volume":"11","author":"MT Zaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaw MT, Emran NA, Lin Z (2018) Mutations inside rifampicin-resistance determining region of rpoB gene associated with rifampicin-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Public Health 11:605\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2018.04.005","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2250_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08656-4","volume":"23","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, He X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Pan Z, Huang Y et al (2023) A new method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on the CRISPR\/Cas system. BMC Infect Dis 23:680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08656-4","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2250_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202517470","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Walker RSK, Sunna A, Barber TJ, Li M (2026) Droplet digital CRISPR for nucleic acid detection. Adv Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202517470","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"2250_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1039\/D3AN00462G","volume":"148","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou M, Li X, Wen H, Huang B, Ren J, Zhang J (2023) The construction of CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated FRET 16S rDNA sensor for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Analyst 148:2308\u20132315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3AN00462G","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2250_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1645699","author":"X Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou X, Ye C, Xie M, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Liu X et al (2025a) Advances in the application of CRISPR technology in pathogen detection: amplification-based and amplification-free strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1645699","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2250_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2025.100692","volume":"27","author":"X Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou X, Han X, Liu L, Wang X, Lu J, Qiu L et al (2025b) Cas12b-assisted one-step dual-target CRISPR system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection. Biosens Bioelectron X 27:100692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosx.2025.100692","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron X"},{"key":"2250_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zowawi HM, Alenazi TH, AlOmaim WS, Wazzan A, Alsufayan A, Hasanain RA et al. (2021) Portable RT-PCR system: a rapid and scalable diagnostic tool for COVID-19 testing. J Clin Microbiol 59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.03004-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03004-20"}],"container-title":["Protoplasma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1785848578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["2250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00709-026-02250-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-183X","1615-6102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-183X","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This review is based on published literature and does not involve human participants or animals. No ethical approval was needed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}