{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1793976822688,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,23]],"date-time":"2008-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amino Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,22]],"date-time":"2008-11-22T07:23:42Z","timestamp":1227338622000},"page":"153-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1186,"title":["Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Guoyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuller W.","family":"Bazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Marc Rhoads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carey Satterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3570593","volume":"357","author":"WK Alderton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alderton WK, Cooper CE, Knowles RG (2001) Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem J 357:593\u2013615","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123289","volume":"140","author":"HJ Amin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Amin HJ, Zamora SA, McMillan DD et al (2002) Arginine supplementation prevents necrotizing enterocolitis in the premature infant. J Pediatr 140:425\u2013431","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2004.09.009","volume":"58","author":"V Arana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arana V, Paz Y, Gonzalez A et al (2004) Healing of diabetic foot ulcers in -arginine-treated patients. Biomed Pharmacother 58:588\u2013597","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02784.x","volume":"25","author":"G Balercia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balercia G, Moretti S, Vignini A et al (2004) Role of nitric oxide concentrations on human sperm motility. J Androl 25:245\u2013249","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0582-4","volume":"35","author":"RA Bassit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bassit RA, Curi R, Costa Rosa LFBP (2008) Creatine supplementation reduces plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE2 after a half-ironman competition. Amino Acids 35:425\u2013431","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00424.2007","volume":"294","author":"C Baylis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baylis C (2008) Nitric oxide deficiency in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294:F1\u2013F9","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.109145","volume":"137","author":"RM Becker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Becker RM, Wu G, Galanko JA et al (2000) Reduced serum amino acid concentrations in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 137:785\u2013793","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2006.04.004","volume":"16","author":"G Bellinghieri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bellinghieri G, Santoro D, Mallamace A, Savica V (2006) l-arginine: a new opportunity in the management of clinical derangement in dialysis patients. J Renal Nutr 16:245\u2013247","journal-title":"J Renal Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1282","volume":"96","author":"RH B\u00f6ger","year":"1997","unstructured":"B\u00f6ger RH, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Brandes RP et al (1997) Dietary l-arginine reduces the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Circulation 96:1282\u20131290","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"210_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093621","volume":"27","author":"JT Brosnan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (2007) Creatine: endogenous metabolite, dietary, and therapeutic supplement. Annu Rev Nutr 27:241\u2013261","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E223","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.2.E223","volume":"277","author":"JA Brunton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brunton JA, Bertolo RFP, Pencharz PB, Ball RO (1999) Proline ameliorates arginine deficiency during enteral but not parenteral feeding in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 277:E223\u2013E231","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.1.25","volume":"4","author":"IA Buhimschi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buhimschi IA, Saade GR, Chwalisz K, Garfield RE (1998) The nitric oxide pathway in pre-eclampsia: pathophysiological implications. Hum Reprod Update 4:25\u201342","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.1.59","volume":"132","author":"JA Bush","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bush JA, Wu G, Suryawan A et al (2002) Somatotropin-induced amino acid conservation in pigs involves differential regulation of liver and gut urea cycle enzyme activity. J Nutr 132:59\u201367","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.4.491","volume":"99","author":"R Campisi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Campisi R, Czernin J, Schoder H et al (1999) l-Arginine normalizes coronary vasomotion in long-term smokers. Circulation 99:491\u2013497","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603606200","volume":"282","author":"AJ Cardounel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cardounel AJ, Cui H, Samouilov A et al (2007) Evidence for the pathophysiological role of endogenous methylarginines in regulation of endothelial NO production and vascular function. J Biol Chem 282:879\u2013887","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E532","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1993.265.4.E532","volume":"265","author":"L Castillo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Castillo L, Chapman TE, Yu YM et al (1993) Dietary arginine uptake by the splanchnic region in adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 265:E532\u2013E539","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118632","volume":"97","author":"P Clarkson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ et al (1996) Oral l-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 97:1989\u20131994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115987","volume":"90","author":"MA Creager","year":"1992","unstructured":"Creager MA, Gallagher SJ, Girerd XJ et al (1992) l-Arginine improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Clin Invest 90:1248\u20131253","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.02.005","volume":"27","author":"P Crenn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crenn P, Messing B, Cynober L (2008) Citrulline as a biomarker of intestinal failure due to enterocytes mass reduction. Clin Nutr 27:328\u2013339","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.7.1126","volume":"124","author":"TA Davis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davis TA, Nguyen HV, Garciaa-Bravo R et al (1994) Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique. J Nutr 124:1126\u20131132","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216143","volume":"110","author":"WJ Jonge De","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Jonge WJ, Kwikkers KL, Te Velde AA et al (2002) Arginine deficiency affects early B cell maturation and lymphoid organ development in transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 110:1539\u20131548","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.09.002","volume":"19","author":"CM Dekaney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dekaney CM, Wu G, Yin YL, Jaeger LA (2008) Regulation of ornithine aminotransferase gene expression and activity by all-trans retinoic acid in CaCo2 intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 19:674\u2013681","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1079","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.276.5.G1079","volume":"276","author":"EL Dillon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dillon EL, Knabe DA, Wu G (1999) Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276:G1079\u2013G1086","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x","volume":"34","author":"W Durante","year":"2007","unstructured":"Durante W, Johnson FK, Johnson RA (2007) Arginase: a critical regulator of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function. Clin Exp Pharmacol 34:906\u2013911","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"210_CR25","volume-title":"l-Arginine: biological aspects and clinical applications","author":"O Eremin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eremin O (1997) l-Arginine: biological aspects and clinical applications. RG Landes Company, Georgetown"},{"key":"210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1996.24.3.283","volume":"24","author":"F Facchinetti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Facchinetti F, Neri I, Genazzani AR (1996) l-Arginine infusion reduces preterm uterine contractions. J Perinat Med 24:283\u2013285","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10641950601147994","volume":"26","author":"F Facchinetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Facchinetti F, Saade GR, Neri I et al (2007) l-Arginine supplementation in patients with gestational hypertension: a pilot study. Hypertens Pregnancy 26:121\u2013130","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"210_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00916-4","volume":"18","author":"YZ Fang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18:872\u2013879","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1996.271.5.R1149","volume":"271","author":"NE Flynn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Flynn NE, Wu G (1996) An important role for endogenous synthesis of arginine in maintaining arginine homeostasis in neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 271:R1149\u2013R1155","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G474","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.272.3.G474","volume":"272","author":"NE Flynn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Flynn NE, Wu G (1997) Enhanced metabolism of arginine and glutamine in enterocytes of cortisol-treated pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 272:G474\u2013G480","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.4.799","volume":"129","author":"NE Flynn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Flynn NE, Meininger CJ, Kelly K et al (1999) Glucocorticoids mediate the enhanced expression of intestinal type II arginase and argininosuccinate lyase in postweaning pigs. J Nutr 129:799\u2013803","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00273-1","volume":"56","author":"NE Flynn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Flynn NE, Meininger CJ, Haynes TE, Wu G (2002) The metabolic basis of arginine nutrition and pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 56:427\u2013438","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flynn NE, Bird JG, Guthrie AS (2008) Glucocorticoid regulation of amino acid and polyamine metabolism in the small intestine. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0206-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0206-7"},{"key":"210_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.2.315","volume":"137","author":"JW Frank","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frank JW, Escobar J, Hguyen HV et al (2007) Oral N-carbamylglutamate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of piglets. J Nutr 137:315\u2013319","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2008.00809.x","volume":"28","author":"O Fricke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fricke O, Baecker N, Heer M et al (2008) The effect of l-arginine administration on muscle force and power in postmenopausal women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 28:307\u2013311","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"210_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.714","volume":"135","author":"WJ Fu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fu WJ, Haynes TE, Kohli R et al (2005) Dietary l-arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr 135:714\u2013721","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8446","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8446","volume":"179","author":"U Gaur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaur U, Roberts SC, Dalvi RP et al (2007) An effect of parasite-encoded arginase on the outcome of murine cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Immunol 179:8446\u20138453","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"210_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241443798","volume":"98","author":"AP Gobert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gobert AP, McGee DJ, Akhtar M et al (2001) Helicobacter pylori arginase inhibits nitric oxide production by eukaryotic cells: a strategy for bacterial survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13844\u201313849","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"210_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31815c0480","volume":"46","author":"JL Gookin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gookin JL, Foster DM, Coccaro MR, Stauffer SH (2008) Oral delivery of l-arginine stimulates prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea in Cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal piglets. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 46:139\u2013146","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.035","volume":"45","author":"PT Goud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goud PT, Goud AP, Diamond MP et al (2008) Nitric oxide extends the oocyte temporal window for optimal fertilization. Free Radic Biol Med 45:453\u2013459","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"210_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1439OC","volume":"174","author":"H Grasemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grasemann H, Kurtz F, Ratjen F (2006a) Inhaled l-arginine improves exhaled nitric oxide and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:208\u2013212","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"210_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-87","volume":"7","author":"H Grasemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grasemann H, Schwiertz R, Grasemann C et al (2006b) Decreased systemic bioavailability of l-arginine in patients with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 7:1\u20137","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"210_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1031","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1997.273.3.R1031","volume":"273","author":"SS Greenberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Greenberg SS, Lancaster JR, Xie J et al (1997) Effects of NO synthase inhibitors, arginine-deficient diet, and amiloride in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 273:R1031\u2013R1045","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0006-5","volume":"34","author":"MA Grillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grillo MA, Lanza A, Colombatto S (2008) Transport of amino acids through the placenta and their role. Amino Acids 34:517\u2013523","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1693S","volume":"137","author":"GK Grimble","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimble GK (2007) Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids. J Nutr 137:1693S\u20131701S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0508-1","volume":"34","author":"B Gualano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gualano B, Novaes RB, Artioli GG et al (2008) Effects of creatine supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in sedentary healthy males undergoing aerobic training. Amino Acids 34:245\u2013250","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR47","unstructured":"Han J, Liu YL, Fan W et al. (2008) Dietary l-arginine supplementation alleviates immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in weaned pigs. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-08-0184-9"},{"key":"210_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506595102","volume":"102","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hayashi T, Juliet PAR, Matsui-Hirai H et al (2005) l-citrulline and l-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesterol-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:13681\u201313686","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"210_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He QH, Kong XF, Wu G et al. (2008) Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary l-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0192-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0192-9"},{"key":"210_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80396-2","volume":"81","author":"WC Heird","year":"1972","unstructured":"Heird WC, Nicholson JF, Driscoll JM et al (1972) Hyperammonemia resulting from intravenous alimentation using a mixture of synthetic l-amino acids: a preliminary report. J Pediatr 81:162\u2013165","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)80002-0","volume":"175","author":"GD Helmbrecht","year":"1996","unstructured":"Helmbrecht GD, Farhat MY, Lochbaum L et al (1996) l-arginine reverses the adverse pregnancy changes induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the rat. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:800\u2013805","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"210_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.071009","volume":"172","author":"K Hnia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hnia K, Gayraud J, Hugon G et al (2008) l-Arginine decreases inflammation and modulates the nuclear factor-kB\/matrix metalloproteinase cascade in Mdx muscle fibers. Am J Pathol 172:1509\u20131519","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"210_CR53","first-page":"143","volume":"58","author":"LE Holt Jr","year":"1944","unstructured":"Holt LE Jr, Albanese AA (1944) Observations on amino acid deficiencies in man. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 58:143\u2013156","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"210_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3196","volume":"88","author":"ZP Hou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hou ZP, Yin YL, Huang RL et al (2008) Rice protein concentrate partially replaces dried whey in the diet for early-weaned piglets and improves their growth performance. J Sci Food Agric 88:1187\u20131193","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"210_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0075-0","volume":"35","author":"CA Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu CA, Khalil S, Zhaorigetu S et al (2008a) Human \u22061-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase: function and regulation. Amino Acids 35:665\u2013672","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0107-9","volume":"35","author":"CA Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu CA, Williams DB, Zhaorigetu S et al (2008b) Functional genomics and SNP analysis of human genes encoding proline metabolic enzymes. Amino Acids 35:655\u2013664","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00429.x","volume":"68","author":"K Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito K, Chen J, Seshan SV et al (2005) Dietary arginine supplementation attenuates renal damage after relief of unilateralureteral obstruction in rats. Kidney Int 68:515\u2013528","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"210_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2008.04.002","volume":"19","author":"G Jeyabalan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jeyabalan G, Klune JR, Nakao A et al (2008) Arginase blockade protects against hepatic damage in warm ischemia-reperfusion. Nitric Oxide 19:29\u201335","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"210_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jobgen WS (2007) Dietary l-arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in diet-induced obese rats, PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.21.5.A328-b"},{"key":"210_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2005.12.001","volume":"17","author":"WS Jobgen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jobgen WS, Fried SK, Fu WJ et al (2006) Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. J Nutr Biochem 17:571\u2013588","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"210_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200111260","volume":"108","author":"Y Kamada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kamada Y, Nagaretani H, Tamura S et al (2001) Vascular endothelial dysfunction resulting from l-arginine deficiency in a patient with lysinuric protein intolerance. J Clin Invest 108:717\u2013724","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H39","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00162.2008","volume":"295","author":"DK Kaul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaul DK, Zhang XQ, Dasgupta T, Fabry ME (2008) Arginine therapy of transgenic-knockout sickle mice improves microvascular function by reducing non-nitric oxide vasodilator, hemolysis, and oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295:H39\u2013H47","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2237","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.6.R2237","volume":"279","author":"D Kepka-Lenhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kepka-Lenhart D, Mistry SK, Wu G, Morris SM Jr (2000) Arginase I: a limiting factor for nitric oxide and polyamine synthesis by activated macrophages? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R2237\u2013R2242","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.3.625","volume":"134","author":"SW Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim SW, Wu G (2004) Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the growth of milk-fed young pigs. J Nutr 134:625\u2013630","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim SW, Wu G (2008) Regulatory role for amino acids in mammary gland growth and milk synthesis. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0151-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0151-5"},{"key":"210_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.04.011","volume":"27","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Parks HS, Lee HY et al (2006) Reduced l-arginine level and decreased placental eNOS activity in preeclampsia. Placenta 27:438\u2013444","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"210_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2007.11.003","volume":"28","author":"DE King","year":"2008","unstructured":"King DE, Mainous AG, Geesey ME (2008) Variation in l-arginine intake follow demographics and lifestyle factors that may impact cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr Res 28:21\u201324","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"210_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.3.600","volume":"134","author":"R Kohli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kohli R, Meininger CJ, Haynes TE et al (2004) Dietary l-arginine supplementation enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr 134:600\u2013608","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.012971","volume":"68","author":"H Kwon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kwon H, Spencer TE, Bazer FW, Wu G (2003a) Developmental changes of amino acids in ovine fetal fluids. Biol Reprod 68:1813\u20131820","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.019067","volume":"69","author":"H Kwon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kwon H, Wu G, Bazer FW, Spencer TE (2003b) Developmental changes in polyamine levels and synthesis in the ovine conceptus. Biol Reprod 69:1626\u20131634","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR71","unstructured":"Lassala A (2008) Arginine and fetal growth in ovine models of intrauterine growth restriction, PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas"},{"key":"210_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0735876100","volume":"100","author":"J Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee J, Ryu H, Ferrante RJ et al (2003) Translational control of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by arginine can explain the arginine paradox. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4843\u20134848","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"210_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E75","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.1.E75","volume":"280","author":"H Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li H, Meininger CJ, Hawker JR Jr, Haynes TE et al (2001) Regulatory role of arginase I and II in nitric oxide, polyamine, and proline syntheses in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:E75\u2013E82","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R64","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2002.282.1.R64","volume":"282","author":"H Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li H, Meininger CJ, Kelly KA et al (2002) Activities of arginase I and II are limiting for endothelial cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 282:R64\u2013R69","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450769936X","volume":"98","author":"P Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li P, Yin YL, Li DF et al (2007) Amino acids and immune function. Br J Nutr 98:237\u2013252","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2008.05.002","volume":"19","author":"P Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li P, Kim SW, Li XL et al (2008a) Dietary supplementation with cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid increases the activity of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in tissues of young pigs. Nitric Oxide 19:259\u2013265","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"210_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li P, Mai KS, Trushenski J, Wu G (2008b) New developments in fish amino acid nutrition: towards functional and environmentally oriented aquafeeds. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0171-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0171-1"},{"key":"210_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li P, Kim SW, Li XL et al. (2008c) Dietary supplementation with cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid affects concentrations of amino acids in tissues of young pigs. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0196-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0196-5"},{"key":"210_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1282","volume":"87","author":"GC Ligthart-Melis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ligthart-Melis GC, van de Poll MCG, Boelens PG et al (2008) Glutamine is an important precursor for de novo synthesis of arginine in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 87:1282\u20131289","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.013","volume":"127","author":"CC Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin CC, Tsai WC, Chen JY et al (2008) Supplements of l-arginine attenuate the effects of high-fat meal on endothelial function and oxidative stress. Int J Cardiol 127:337\u2013341","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"210_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00232-9","volume":"58","author":"B Lubec","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lubec B, Hoeger H, Kremser K et al (1996) Decreased tumor incidence and increased survival by one year oral low dose arginine supplementation in the mouse. Life Sci 58:2317\u20132325","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"210_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E906","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00002.2006","volume":"291","author":"P Lucotti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lucotti P, Setola E, Monti LD et al (2006) Beneficial effect of a long-term oral l-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291:E906\u2013E912","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0055-4","volume":"35","author":"A Lupi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lupi A, Tenni R, Rossi A et al (2008) Human prolidase and prolidase deficiency. Amino Acids 35:739\u2013752","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1998.5512","volume":"81","author":"Q Ma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ma Q, Williamson KE, O\u2019Rourke D, Rowlands BJ (1999) The effects of l-arginine on crypt cell hyperproliferation in colorectal cancer. J Surg Res 81:181\u2013188","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"210_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0427-6","volume":"32","author":"JB Mannick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannick JB (2007) Regulation of apoptosis by protein S-nitrosylation. Amino Acids 32:523\u2013526","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0066-6","volume":"49","author":"EB Marliss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marliss EB, Chevalier S, Gougeon R et al (2006) Elevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing are related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover. Diabetologia 49:351\u2013359","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"210_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.652","volume":"137","author":"RD Mateo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mateo RD, Wu G, Bazer FW et al (2007) Dietary l-arginine supplementation enhances the reproductive performance of gilts. J Nutr 137:652\u2013656","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0371","volume":"86","author":"RD Mateo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mateo RD, Wu G, Moon HK et al (2008) Effects of dietary arginine supplementation during gestation and lactation on the performance of lactating primiparous sows and nursing piglets. J Anim Sci 86:827\u2013835","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"210_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000244170","volume":"67","author":"MJ McCaffrey","year":"1995","unstructured":"McCaffrey MJ, Bose CL, Reiter PD, Stiles AD (1995) Effect of l-arginine infusion on infant with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Biol Neonate 67:240\u2013243","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"210_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507841110","volume":"99","author":"C Moinard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moinard C, Nicolis I, Neveux N et al (2008) Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the citrudose pharmacokinetic study. Br J Nutr 99:855\u2013862","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0502-7","volume":"34","author":"R Montanez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montanez R, Rodriguez-Caso C, Sanchez-Jimenez F, Medina MA (2008) In silico analysis of arginine catabolism as a source of nitric oxide or polyamines in endothelial cells. Amino Acids 34:223\u2013229","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1602S","volume":"137","author":"SM Morris Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris SM Jr (2007) Arginine metabolism: boundaries of our knowledge. J Nutr 137:1602S\u20131609S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.81","volume":"294","author":"CR Morris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morris CR, Kato GJ, Poijakovic M et al (2005) Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease. JAMA 294:81\u201390","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"210_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0143-y","volume":"165","author":"H Nagasaka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nagasaka H, Yorifuji T, Murayama K et al (2006) Effect of arginine treatment on nutrition, growth and urea cycle function in seven Japanese boys with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 165:618\u2013624","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem139","volume":"22","author":"RHN Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen RHN, Wilcox AJ, Skjaerven R, Baird DD (2007) Men\u2019s body mass index and infertility. Hum Reprod 22:2488\u20132493","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0309-y","volume":"32","author":"J Nikolic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nikolic J, Stojanovic I, Pavlovic R et al (2007) The role of l-arginine in toxic liver failure: interrelation of arginase, polyamine catabolic enzymes and nitric oxide synthase. Amino Acids 32:127\u2013131","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.802467x","volume":"80","author":"PR O\u2019Quinn","year":"2002","unstructured":"O\u2019Quinn PR, Knabe DA, Wu G (2002) Arginine catabolism in lactating porcine mammary tissue. J Anim Sci 80:467\u2013474","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"210_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odenlund M, Holmqvist B, Baldetorp B et al. (2008) Polyamine synthesis inhibition induces S phase cell cycle arrest in vascular smooth muscle cells. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0060-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0060-7"},{"key":"210_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0630-0","volume":"35","author":"GF Orlando","year":"2008","unstructured":"Orlando GF, Wolf G, Engelmann M (2008) Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of the neuroendocrine stress response in rodents: insights from mutant mice. Amino Acids 35:17\u201327","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00462.x","volume":"55","author":"H Peters","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peters H, Border WA, Noble NA (1999) l-Arginine supplementation increased mesangial cell injury and subsequent tissue fibrosis in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 55:2264\u20132273","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"210_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0063-4","volume":"35","author":"JM Phang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phang JM, Donald SP, Pandhare J, Liu YM (2008) The metabolism of proline, a stress substrate, modulates carcinogenic pathways. Amino Acids 35:681\u2013690","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199701000-00002","volume":"29","author":"GM Pieper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pieper GM (1997) Acute amelioration of diabetic endothelial dysfunction with a derivative of the nitric oxide synthase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 29:8\u201315","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"210_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G512","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00227.2006","volume":"292","author":"KM Reid","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reid KM, Tsung A, Kaizu T et al (2007) Liver I\/R injury is improved by the arginase inhibitor, N-\u03c9-Hydroxy-Nor-L-arginine (Nor-NOHA). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292:G512\u2013G517","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.027540","volume":"53","author":"JM Rhoads","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rhoads JM, Chen W, Gookin J et al (2004) l-Arginine stimulates intestinal cell migration through a focal adhesion kinase-dependent mechanism. Gut 53:514\u2013522","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"210_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.027","volume":"146","author":"JM Rhoads","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rhoads JM, Plunkett E, Galanko J et al (2005) Serum citrulline correlates with enteral tolerance and bowel length in infants with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr 146:542\u2013547","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G913","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00468.2006","volume":"292","author":"JM Rhoads","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rhoads JM, Corl BA, Harrell R et al (2007) Intestinal ribosomal p70s6\u00a0k signaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292:G913\u2013G922","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.9.1652","volume":"138","author":"JM Rhoads","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rhoads JM, Niu XM, Surendran S et al (2008) Arginine stimulates intestinal epithelial cell migration via a mechanism requiring both nitric oxide and p70s6\u00a0k signaling. J Nutr 138:1652\u20131657","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70439-7","volume":"33","author":"JM Roberts","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roberts JM (1999) Objective evidence of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Am J Kidney Dis 33:992\u2013997","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"210_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1103","volume":"99","author":"JR Romero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romero JR, Suzuka SM, Nagel RL, Fabry ME (2002) Arginine supplementation of sickle transgenic mice reduces red cell density and Gardos channel activity. Blood 99:1103\u20131108","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"210_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_468.x","volume":"99","author":"K Rytlewski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rytlewski K, Olszanecki R, Lauterbach R et al (2006) Effects of oral l-arginine on the foetal condition and neonatal outcome in preeclampsia: a preliminary report. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 99:146\u2013152","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"210_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.024","volume":"138","author":"K Rytlewski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rytlewski K, Olszanecki R, Lauterbach R et al (2008) Effects of oral l-arginine on the pulsatility indices of umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in preterm labor. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 138:23\u201328","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"210_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0529-9","volume":"33","author":"J Satriano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Satriano J (2007) Kidney growth, hypertrophy and the unifying mechanism of diabetic complications. Amino Acids 33:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0531-2","volume":"33","author":"LM Shantz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shantz LM, Levin VA (2007) Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase during oncogenic transformation: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Amino Acids 33:213\u2013223","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2008.01.004","volume":"50","author":"A Shao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shao A, Hathcock JN (2008) Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, l-glutamine and l-arginine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 50:376\u2013399","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"210_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:41:3:415","volume":"41","author":"W Shi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shi W, Meininger CJ, Haynes TE et al (2004) Regulation of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis and bioavailability in endothelial cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 41:415\u2013433","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"210_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.04.057","volume":"126","author":"G Siasos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Vlachopoulos C et al (2008) Short-term treatment with l-arginine prevents the smoking-induced impairment of endothelial function and vascular elastic properties in young individuals. Int J Cardiol 126:394\u2013399","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"210_CR117","first-page":"192","volume":"97","author":"SE Snyderman","year":"1959","unstructured":"Snyderman SE, Boyer A, Holt LE Jr (1959) The arginine requirement of the infant. AMA J Dis Child 97:192\u2013195","journal-title":"AMA J Dis Child"},{"key":"210_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0001-x","volume":"34","author":"S Sotgia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Pinna GA et al (2008) A new selective pre-column ninhydrin-based derivatization for a RP-HPLC determination of plasma asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA) by fluorescence detection. Amino Acids 34:677\u2013682","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"210_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.12.009","volume":"84","author":"MJ Starbuck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Starbuck MJ, Dailey RA, Inskeep EK (2004) Factors affecting retention of early pregnancy in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 84:27\u201339","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"210_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan BE, Li XG, Kong XF et al. (2008a) Dietary l-arginine supplementation enhances the immune status in early-weaned piglets. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0155-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0155-1"},{"key":"210_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan BE, Yin YL, Liu ZQ et al. (2008b) Dietary L-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0148-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0148-0"},{"key":"210_CR122","first-page":"84","volume":"13","author":"J Tanimura","year":"1967","unstructured":"Tanimura J (1967) Studies on arginine in human semen. Part II. the effects of medication with l-arginine-HCl on male infertility. Bull Osaka Med School 13:84\u201389","journal-title":"Bull Osaka Med School"},{"key":"210_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.8.1838","volume":"15","author":"GM Tiboni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tiboni GM, Giampietro F (2000) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis causes preterm delivery in the mouse. Hum Reprod 15:838\u20131842","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.167","volume":"85","author":"MCG Poll van de","year":"2007","unstructured":"van de Poll MCG, Siroen MPC, van Leeuwen PAM et al (2007) Interorgan amino acid exchange in humans: consequences for arginine and citrulline metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 85:167\u2013172","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den017","volume":"23","author":"Z Veleva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Veleva Z, Tiitinen A, Vilska S et al (2008) High and low BMI increases the risk of miscarriage after IVF\/ICSI and FET. Hum Reprod 23:878\u2013884","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)80007-0","volume":"178","author":"RJ Vosatka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vosatka RJ, Hassoun PM, Harvey-Wilkes KB (1998) Dietary l-arginine prevents fetal growth restriction in rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 178:242\u2013246","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"210_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2820","volume":"205","author":"Y Wakabayashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wakabayashi Y, Yamada E, Yoshida T, Takahashi H (1994) Deficiency of endogenous arginine synthesis provokes hypertension by exhausting substrate arginine for nitric oxide synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 205:1391\u20131398","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"210_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang WW, Qiao SY, Li DF (2008) Amino acids and gut function. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-008-0152-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0152-4"},{"key":"210_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1997.1730718.x","volume":"27","author":"TC Wascher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wascher TC, Graier WF, Dittrich P et al (1997) Effects of low-dose l-arginine on insulin-mediated vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Invest 27:690\u2013695","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR130","first-page":"363","volume":"93","author":"WH Waugh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Waugh WH, Daeschner CW, Files BA et al (2001) Oral citrulline as arginine precursor may be beneficial in sickle cell disease: early phase two results. J Natl Med Assoc 93:363\u2013371","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"210_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.161294898","volume":"98","author":"LH Wei","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wei LH, Wu G, Morris SM Jr, Ignarro LJ (2001) Elevated arginase I expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells increases cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:9260\u20139264","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"210_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1198","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00325.2007","volume":"294","author":"LH Wei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wei LH, Yang Y, Wu G, Ignarro LJ (2008) IL-4 and IL-13 upregulate ornithine decarboxylase expression by PI3\u00a0K and MAP kinase pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294:C1198\u2013C1205","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01627.x","volume":"29","author":"V Wessagowit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wessagowit V, Mallipeddi R, McGrath JA, South AP (2004) Altered expression of l-arginine metabolism pathway genes in chronic wounds in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Clin Exp Dermatol 29:664\u2013668","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"210_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.2003.11605.x","volume":"11","author":"MB Witte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Witte MB, Barbul A (2008) Arginine physiology and its implications for wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 11:419\u2013423","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"210_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.008","volume":"44","author":"KC Wood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wood KC, Hsu LL, Gladwin MT (2008) Sickle cell disease vasculopathy: a state of nitric oxide resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 44:1506\u20131528","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"210_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3120717","volume":"312","author":"G Wu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wu G (1995) Urea synthesis in enterocytes of developing pigs. Biochem J 312:717\u2013723","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"210_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1382","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.272.6.G1382","volume":"272","author":"G Wu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wu G (1997) Synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline in enterocytes of postnatal pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 272:G1382\u2013G1390","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2810045","volume":"281","author":"G Wu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wu G, Brosnan JT (1992) Macrophages can convert citrulline into arginine. Biochem J 281:45\u201348","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"210_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.12.2437","volume":"124","author":"G Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu G, Knabe DA (1994) Free and protein-bound amino acids in sow\u2019s colostrum and milk. J Nutr 124:2437\u20132444","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R621","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1995.269.3.R621","volume":"269","author":"G Wu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wu G, Knabe DA (1995) Arginine synthesis in enterocytes of neonatal pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 269:R621\u2013R629","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1965","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1993.265.6.H1965","volume":"265","author":"G Wu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ (1993) Regulation of l-arginine synthesis from l-citrulline by l-glutamine in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 265:H1965\u2013H1971","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2626","volume":"130","author":"G Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ (2000) Arginine nutrition and cardiovascular function. J Nutr 130:2626\u20132629","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.110901.145329","volume":"22","author":"G Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ (2002) Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dietary factors. Annu Rev Nutr 22:61\u201386","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360001","volume":"336","author":"G Wu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wu G, Morris SM Jr (1998) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 336:1\u201317","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"210_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/54.6.1261","volume":"54","author":"G Wu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Tuo W, Flynn SP (1996a) Unusual abundance of arginine and ornithine in porcine allantoic fluid. Biol Reprod 54:1261\u20131265","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G913","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1996.271.5.G913","volume":"271","author":"G Wu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wu G, Knabe DA, Flynn NE et al (1996b) Arginine degradation in developing porcine enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 271:G913\u2013G919","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.7.1347","volume":"129","author":"G Wu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wu G, Flynn NE, Flynn SP et al (1999) Dietary protein or arginine deficiency impairs constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthesis by young rats. J Nutr 129:1347\u20131354","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.2.E395","volume":"279","author":"G Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu G, Flynn NE, Knabe DA (2000a) Enhanced intestinal synthesis of polyamines from proline in cortisol-treated piglets. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E395\u2013E402","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R554","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.2.R554","volume":"279","author":"G Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu G, Flynn NE, Knabe DA, Jaeger LA (2000b) A cortisol surge mediates the enhanced polyamine synthesis in porcine enterocytes during weaning. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279:R554\u2013R559","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"210_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.1914","volume":"130","author":"G Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ, Kelly K et al (2000c) A cortisol surge mediates the enhanced expression of pig intestinal pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase during weaning. J Nutr 130:1914\u20131919","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.9.2169","volume":"134","author":"G Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Cudd TA et al (2004a) Maternal nutrition and fetal development. J Nutr 134:2169\u20132172","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2003.11.010","volume":"15","author":"G Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu G, Jaeger LA, Bazer FW, Rhoads JM (2004b) Arginine deficiency in premature infants: biochemical mechanisms and nutritional implications. J Nutr Biochem 15:442\u2013451","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"210_CR153","first-page":"2390S","volume":"134","author":"G Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu G, Knabe DA, Kim SW (2004c) Arginine nutrition in neonatal pigs. J Nutr 134:2390S\u20132783S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.036293","volume":"72","author":"G Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Hu J et al (2005) Polyamine synthesis from proline in the developing porcine placenta. Biol Reprod 72:842\u2013850","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"210_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-156","volume":"84","author":"G Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Wallace JM, Spencer TE (2006) Intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences. J Anim Sci 84:2316\u20132337","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"210_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1673S","volume":"137","author":"G Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Cudd TA et al (2007a) Pharmacokinetics and safety of arginine supplementation in animals. J Nutr 137:1673S\u20131680S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR157","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide: WAAP Book of the Year 2006","author":"G Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Kim SW (2007b) New developments in amino acid research. In: Rosati A, Tewolde A, Mosconi C et al (eds) Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide: WAAP Book of the Year 2006. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 299\u2013315"},{"key":"210_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.07.003","volume":"112","author":"G Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA et al (2007c) Important roles for the arginine family of amino acids in swine nutrition and production. Livest Sci 112:8\u201322","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"210_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.12.2680","volume":"137","author":"G Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu G, Collins JK, Perkins-Veazie P et al (2007d) Dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice enhances arginine availability and ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr 137:2680\u20132685","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0052-7","volume":"35","author":"G Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Datta S et al (2008a) Proline metabolism in the conceptus: implications for fetal growth and development. Amino Acids 35:691\u2013702","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"Special Issue 1","key":"210_CR161","first-page":"4","volume":"51","author":"G Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Datta S et al (2008b) Intrauterine growth retardation in livestock: implications, mechanisms and solutions. Arch Fur Tierzucht-Arch Anim Breed 51(Special Issue 1):4\u201310","journal-title":"Arch Fur Tierzucht-Arch Anim Breed"},{"key":"210_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu G, Meininger CJ (2009) Nitric oxide and vascular insulin resistance. BioFactors (in press)","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.3"},{"key":"210_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.09.017","volume":"88","author":"XM Xiao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiao XM, Li LP (2005) l-arginine treatment for asymmetric fetal growth restriction. Int J Gynecol Obstet 88:15\u201318","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"210_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2067","volume":"101","author":"K Yamasaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamasaki K, Edington HDJ, McClosky C et al (1998) Reversal of impaired wound repair in iNOS-deficient mice by topical adenoviral-mediated iNOS gene transfer. J Clin Invest 101:967\u2013971","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"210_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.5.867","volume":"138","author":"K Yao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao K, Yin YL, Chu WY et al (2008) Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. J Nutr 138:867\u2013872","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070819","volume":"204","author":"TW Yeo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yeo TW, Lampah DA, Gitawati R et al (2007) Impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and l-arginine reversible endothelial dysfunction in adults with falciparum malaria. J Exp Med 204:2693\u20132704","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"210_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E509","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.3.E509","volume":"280","author":"YM Yu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yu YM, Ryan CM, Castillo L et al (2001) Arginine and ornithine kinetics in severely burned patients: increased rate of arginine disposal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:E509\u2013E517","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"210_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.8.1421","volume":"138","author":"XF Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng XF, Wang FL, Fan X et al (2008) Dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhances embryonic survival in rats. J Nutr 138:1421\u20131425","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"210_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.06.006","volume":"19","author":"CH Zou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zou CH, Shao JH (2008) Role of adipocytokines in obesity-associated insulin resistance. J Nutr Biochem 19:277\u2013286","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"}],"container-title":["Amino Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T15:00:03Z","timestamp":1589122803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,23]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-4451","1438-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-4451","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,23]]}}}