{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:10:19Z","timestamp":1791144619493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amino Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,28]],"date-time":"2012-05-28T06:22:38Z","timestamp":1338186158000},"page":"1405-1417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Paraoxonase 1 and homocysteine metabolism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Per\u0142a-Kaj\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieronim","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR1","first-page":"598","volume":"52","author":"S Adkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adkins S, Gan KN et al (1993) Molecular basis for the polymorphic forms of human serum paraoxonase\/arylesterase: glutamine or arginine at position 191, for the respective A or B allozymes. Am J Hum Genet 52(3):598\u2013608","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR2","first-page":"671","volume":"69","author":"K Amine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amine K, Atouk A et al (2011) Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in patients with coronary artery diseases and in diabetic patients. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 69(6):671\u2013677","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.11.1227","volume":"102","author":"J Anderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson J, Muhlestein J et al (2000) Plasma homocysteine predicts mortality independently of traditional risk factors and C-reactive protein in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Circulation 102(11):1227\u20131232","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"1321_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703062","volume":"22","author":"N Angayarkanni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Angayarkanni N, Barathi S et al (2008) Serum PON1 arylesterase activity in relation to hyperhomocysteinaemia and oxidative stress in young adult central retinal venous occlusion patients. Eye (Lond) 22(7):969\u2013974","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR5","first-page":"924","volume":"21","author":"A Atamer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atamer A, Kocyigit Y et al (2008) Effect of oxidative stress on antioxidant enzyme activities, homocysteine and lipoproteins in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 21(6):924\u2013930","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.217.17","volume":"217","author":"O Ates","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ates O, Azizi S et al (2009) Decreased serum paraoxonase 1 activity and increased serum homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels in age-related macular degeneration. Tohoku J Exp Med 217(1):17\u201322","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1321_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.18.10.1617","volume":"18","author":"M Aviram","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aviram M, Billecke S et al (1998) Paraoxonase active site required for protection against LDL oxidation involves its free sulfhydryl group and is different from that required for its arylesterase\/paraoxonase activities: selective action of human paraoxonase allozymes Q and R. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18(10):1617\u20131624","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0038-0","volume":"325","author":"M Aydin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aydin M, Gokkusu C et al (2009) Association of genetic variants in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase and Paraoxonase-1 genes with homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 325(1\u20132):199\u2013208","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0132","volume":"33","author":"S Barathi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barathi S, Angayarkanni N et al (2010) Homocysteinethiolactone and paraoxonase: novel markers of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 33(9):2031\u20132037","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1321_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayrak A, Bayrak T et al (2011) Serum PON-1 activity but not Q192R polymorphism is related to the extent of atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 19(4):376\u2013384","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.11320"},{"issue":"21","key":"1321_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2010.05.006","volume":"878","author":"T Bayrak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bayrak T, Bayrak A et al (2010) Purification and kinetic properties of rabbit liver paraoxonase 1. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878(21):1791\u20131795","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2010.11.006","volume":"879","author":"A Bayrak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bayrak A, Bayrak T et al (2011) Differential hydrolysis of homocysteine thiolactone by purified human serum (192)Q and (192)R PON1 isoenzymes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 879(1):49\u201355","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0298","volume":"204","author":"J Beltowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beltowski J, Wojcicka G et al (2010) Modulation of paraoxonase 1 and protein N-homocysteinylation by leptin and the synthetic liver X receptor agonist T0901317 in the rat. J Endocrinol 204(2):191\u2013198","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1321_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.02.042","volume":"418","author":"M Ben-David","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ben-David M, Elias M et al (2012) Catalytic versatility and backups in enzyme active sites: the case of serum paraoxonase 1. J Mol Biol 418(3\u20134):181\u2013196","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.11.1265","volume":"299","author":"T Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya T, Nicholls SJ et al (2008) Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 299(11):1265\u20131276","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17620.x","volume":"211","author":"MC Blatter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blatter MC, James RW et al (1993) Identification of a distinct human high-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by a lipoprotein-associated protein, K-45. Identity of K-45 with paraoxonase. Eur J Biochem 211(3):871\u2013879","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111940","volume":"30","author":"K Borowczyk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borowczyk K, Shih DM et al (2012a) Metabolism and neurotoxicity of homocysteine thiolactone in mice: evidence for a protective role of paraoxonase 1. J Alzheimers Dis 30(2):225\u2013231","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1321_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borowczyk K, Tiso\u0144czyk J et al (2012b) Metabolism and neurotoxicity of homocysteine thiolactone in mice: protective role of bleomycin hydrolase. Amino Acids. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-011-1207-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1207-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2281","volume":"17","author":"HJ Bouman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouman HJ, Sch\u00f6mig E et al (2011) Paraoxonase-1 is a major determinant of clopidogrel efficacy. Nat Med 17(1):110\u2013116","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200007000-00008","volume":"10","author":"VH Brophy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brophy VH, Jarvik GP et al (2000) Analysis of paraoxonase (PON1) L55M status requires both genotype and phenotype. Pharmacogenetics 10(5):453\u2013460","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2386","volume":"17","author":"J Camps","year":"2011","unstructured":"Camps J, Joven J et al (2011) Paraoxonase-1 and clopidogrel efficacy. Nat Med 17(9):1041\u20131042","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2007.08.010","volume":"41","author":"B Can Demird\u00f6\u011fen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Can Demird\u00f6\u011fen B, T\u00fcrkano\u011flu A et al (2008) Paraoxonase\/arylesterase ratio, PON1 192Q\/R polymorphism and PON1 status are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Clin Biochem 41(1\u20132):1\u20139","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)33348-4","volume":"40","author":"H Cao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cao H, Girard-Globa A et al (1999) Paraoxonase protection of LDL against peroxidation is independent of its esterase activity towards paraoxon and is unaffected by the Q\u2013\u00a0>\u00a0R genetic polymorphism. J Lipid Res 40(1):133\u2013139","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1321_CR24","first-page":"1946","volume":"17","author":"HH Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang HH, Lin DP et al (2011) Intravitreal homocysteine-thiolactone injection leads to the degeneration of multiple retinal cells, including photoreceptors. Mol Vis 17:1946\u20131956","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2004.11.035","volume":"337","author":"G Chwatko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chwatko G, Jakubowski H (2005a) The determination of homocysteine-thiolactone in human plasma. Anal Biochem 337(2):271\u2013277","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.042531","volume":"51","author":"G Chwatko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chwatko G, Jakubowski H (2005b) Urinary excretion of homocysteine-thiolactone in humans. Clin Chem 51(2):408\u2013415","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"1321_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7435com","volume":"21","author":"G Chwatko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chwatko G, Boers GHJ et al (2007) Mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase or cystathionine beta-syntase gene, or a high-methionine diet, increase homocysteine thiolactone levels in humans and mice. Faseb J 21(8):1707\u20131713","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1321_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32834cebc6","volume":"21","author":"RH Coombes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coombes RH, Crow JA et al (2011) Relationship of human paraoxonase-1 serum activity and genotype with atherosclerosis in individuals from the Deep South. Pharmacogenet Genomics 21(12):867\u2013875","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.08.027","volume":"69","author":"LG Costa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Costa LG, Vitalone A et al (2005) Modulation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Biochem Pharmacol 69(4):541\u2013550","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.11.008","volume":"81","author":"LG Costa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costa LG, Giordano G et al (2011) Pharmacological and dietary modulators of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and expression: the hunt goes on. Biochem Pharmacol 81(3):337\u2013344","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2436","volume":"17","author":"PM Dansette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dansette PM, Rosi J et al (2011) Paraoxonase-1 and clopidogrel efficacy. Nat Med 17(9):1040\u20131041","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1021\/tx2004085","volume":"25","author":"PM Dansette","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dansette PM, Rosi J et al (2012) Cytochromes P450 catalyze both steps of the major pathway of clopidogrel bioactivation, whereas paraoxonase catalyzes the formation of a minor thiol metabolite isomer. Chem Res Toxicol 25(2):348\u2013356","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1196-334","volume":"14","author":"HG Davies","year":"1996","unstructured":"Davies HG, Richter RJ et al (1996) The effect of the human serum paraoxonase polymorphism is reversed with diazoxon, soman and sarin. Nat Genet 14(3):334\u2013336","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"1321_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1607","volume":"27","author":"BC Demird\u00f6\u011fen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Demird\u00f6\u011fen BC, Demirkaya S et al (2009) Analysis of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genetic polymorphisms and activities as risk factors for ischemic stroke in Turkish population. Cell Biochem Funct 27(8):558\u2013567","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR35","first-page":"4","volume":"52","author":"TB Domagala","year":"2006","unstructured":"Domagala TB, Lacinski M et al (2006) The correlation of homocysteine-thiolactonase activity of the paraoxonase (PON1) protein with coronary heart disease status. Cell Mol Biol 52(5):4\u201310","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400511-JLR200","volume":"46","author":"DI Draganov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Draganov DI, Teiber JF et al (2005) Human paraoxonases (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are lactonases with overlapping and distinct substrate specificities. J Lipid Res 46(6):1239\u20131247","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.3.663","volume":"11","author":"NP Dudman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dudman NP, Hicks C et al (1991) Homocysteine thiolactone disposal by human arterial endothelial cells and serum in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb 11(3):663\u2013670","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-219X-1-27","volume":"1","author":"V Dunet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dunet V, Ruiz J et al (2011) Effects of paraoxonase activity and gene polymorphism on coronary vasomotion. EJNMMI Res 1(1):27","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"key":"1321_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-6","volume":"11","author":"AZ Fan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fan AZ, Yesupriya A et al (2010) Gene polymorphisms in association with emerging cardiovascular risk markers in adult women. BMC Med Genet 11:6","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2003.50033","volume":"52","author":"G Ferretti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferretti G, Bacchetti T et al (2003) Effect of homocysteinylation on human high-density lipoproteins: a correlation with paraoxonase activity. Metabolism 52(2):146\u2013151","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2009.11.008","volume":"163","author":"G Ferretti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferretti G, Bacchetti T et al (2010) Effect of homocysteinylation on high density lipoprotein physico-chemical properties. Chem Phys Lipids 163(2):228\u2013235","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000189796.21770.d3","volume":"16","author":"CE Furlong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Furlong CE, Holland N et al (2006) PON1 status of farm worker mothers and children as a predictor of organophosphate sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 16(3):183\u2013190","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07065-5","volume":"19","author":"KN Gan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gan KN, Smolen A et al (1991) Purification of human serum paraoxonase\/arylesterase. Evidence for one esterase catalyzing both activities. Drug Metab Dispos 19(1):100\u2013106","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119134","volume":"99","author":"MC Garin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garin MC, James RW et al (1997) Paraoxonase polymorphism Met-Leu54 is associated with modified serum concentrations of the enzyme. A possible link between the paraoxonase gene and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. J Clin Invest 99(1):62\u201366","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1321_CR44","first-page":"1692","volume":"14","author":"A Ghorbanihaghjo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghorbanihaghjo A, Javadzadeh A et al (2008) Lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and retinal arteriosclerosis. Mol Vis 14:1692\u20131697","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2008.057851","volume":"45","author":"B Giusti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giusti B, Saracini C et al (2008) Genetic analysis of 56 polymorphisms in 17 genes involved in methionine metabolism in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Med Genet 45(11):721\u2013730","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1160\/TH09-11-0748","volume":"104","author":"B Giusti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giusti B, Saracini C et al (2010) Early-onset ischaemic stroke: analysis of 58 polymorphisms in 17 genes involved in methionine metabolism. Thromb Haemost 104(2):231\u2013242","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"1321_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10864","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313268200","volume":"279","author":"R Glowacki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glowacki R, Jakubowski H (2004) Cross-talk between Cys(34) and lysine residues in human serum albumin revealed by N-homocysteinylation. J Biol Chem 279(12):10864\u201310871","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.01.015","volume":"379","author":"M Gong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gong M, Garige M et al (2009) Quercetin up-regulates paraoxonase 1 gene expression with concomitant protection against LDL oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379(4):1001\u20131004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.031","volume":"214","author":"RM Gu\u00e9ant-Rodriguez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9ant-Rodriguez RM, Spada R et al (2011) Homocysteine is a determinant of ApoA-I and both are associated with ankle brachial index, in an ambulatory elderly population. Atherosclerosis 214(2):480\u2013485","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.004","volume":"49","author":"A Gugliucci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gugliucci A, Kinugasa E et al (2011) Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) lactonase activity is lower in end-stage renal disease patients than in healthy control subjects and increases after hemodialysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 49(1):61\u201367","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2011.07.011","volume":"487","author":"N Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta N, Binukumar BK et al (2011a) Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities (PONase\/AREase) and polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a North-West Indian population. Gene 487(1):88\u201395","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017805","volume":"6","author":"N Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta N, Singh S et al (2011b) Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms, haplotypes and activity in predicting cad risk in North-West Indian Punjabis. PLoS ONE 6(5):e17805","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb767","volume":"11","author":"M Harel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harel M, Aharoni A et al (2004) Structure and evolution of the serum paraoxonase family of detoxifying and anti-atherosclerotic enzymes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 11(5):412\u2013419","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"issue":"42","key":"1321_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10141","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00106a010","volume":"30","author":"C Hassett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hassett C, Richter RJ et al (1991) Characterization of cDNA clones encoding rabbit and human serum paraoxonase: the mature protein retains its signal sequence. Biochemistry 30(42):10141\u201310149","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.090704","volume":"138","author":"KB Holven","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holven KB, Aukrust P et al (2008) The antiatherogenic function of HDL is impaired in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects. J Nutr 138(11):2070\u20132075","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0193-73","volume":"3","author":"R Humbert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Humbert R, Adler DA et al (1993) The molecular basis of the human serum paraoxonase activity polymorphism. Nat Genet 3(1):73\u201376","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP67358","volume":"67","author":"Y Ikeda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ikeda Y, Suehiro T et al (2007) Human serum paraoxonase concentration predicts cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 67(6):358\u2013365","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14712\/fb2009055020035","volume":"55","author":"E Isbilen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Isbilen E, Yilmaz H et al (2009) Association of paraoxonase 55 and 192 gene polymorphisms on serum homocysteine concentrations in preeclampsia. Folia Biol (Praha) 55(2):35\u201340","journal-title":"Folia Biol (Praha)"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"1321_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2010.010035","volume":"47","author":"N Ishimine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ishimine N, Usami Y et al (2010) Identification of N-homocysteinylated apolipoprotein AI in normal human serum. Ann Clin Biochem 47(Pt 5):453\u2013459","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5551\/jat1994.7.152","volume":"7","author":"T Itahara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Itahara T, Suehiro T et al (2000) Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in hemodialysis patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 7(3):152\u2013158","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67504-6","volume":"272","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (1997) Metabolism of homocysteine thiolactone in human cell cultures\u2014possible mechanism for pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels. J Biol Chem 272(3):1935\u20131942","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"15","key":"1321_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.15.2277","volume":"13","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (1999) Protein homocysteinylation: possible mechanism underlying pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels. Faseb J 13(15):2277\u20132283","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.3957","volume":"275","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (2000a) Calcium-dependent human serum homocysteine thiolactone hydrolase\u2014a protective mechanism against protein s-homocysteinylation. J Biol Chem 275(6):3957\u20133962","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.377S","volume":"130","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (2000b) Homocysteine thiolactone: metabolic origin and protein homocysteinylation in humans. J Nutr 130(2):377S\u2013381S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"1321_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakubowski, H. (2008). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a junction between the metabolism of homocysteine and lipids. Paraoxonases Their Role Dis Dev Xenobiotic Metabol 6:87\u2013102","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6561-3_6"},{"key":"1321_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-350-3_11","volume":"660","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (2010) The Role of Paraoxonase 1 in the Detoxification of Homocysteine Thiolactone. Paraoxonases Inflamm Infection Toxicol 660:113\u2013127","journal-title":"Paraoxonases Inflamm Infection Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2011_2259","volume":"58","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (2011) Quality control in tRNA charging\u2014editing of homocysteine. Acta Biochim Pol 58(2):149\u2013163","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"1321_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakubowski H (2012) Quality control in tRNA charging. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 3(3):295\u2013310","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.122"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.1.45","volume":"87","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jakubowski H, Zhang L et al (2000) Homocysteine thiolactone and protein homocysteinylation in human endothelial cells\u2014implications for atherosclerosis. Circ Res 87(1):45\u201351","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02143-3","volume":"491","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jakubowski H, Ambrosius WT et al (2001) Genetic determinants of homocysteine thiolactonase activity in humans: implications for atherosclerosis. FEBS Lett 491(1\u20132):35\u201339","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"1321_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-112086","volume":"22","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jakubowski H, Boers GHJ et al (2008) Mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase or methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene increase N-homocysteinylated protein levels in humans. Faseb J 22(12):4071\u20134076","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-127548","volume":"23","author":"H Jakubowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jakubowski H, Perla-Kajan J et al (2009) Genetic or nutritional disorders in homocysteine or folate metabolism increase protein N-homocysteinylation in mice. Faseb J 23(6):1721\u20131727","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"1321_CR73","first-page":"2578","volume":"16","author":"A Javadzadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Javadzadeh A, Ghorbanihaghjo A et al (2010) Plasma oxidized LDL and thiol-containing molecules in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 16:2578\u20132584","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31822529b1","volume":"32","author":"A Javadzadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Javadzadeh A, Ghorbanihaghjo A et al (2012) Serum paraoxonase phenotype distribution in exudative age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to homocysteine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Retina 32(4):658\u2013666","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00169a026","volume":"33","author":"GJ Kelso","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kelso GJ, Stuart WD et al (1994) Apolipoprotein J is associated with paraoxonase in human plasma. Biochemistry 33(3):832\u2013839","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"16","key":"1321_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047440d","volume":"44","author":"O Khersonsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khersonsky O, Tawfik DS (2005) Structure-reactivity studies of serum paraoxonase PON1 suggest that its native activity is lactonase. Biochemistry 44(16):6371\u20136382","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1000348","volume":"12","author":"E Kimak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kimak E, Ha\u0142abi\u015b M et al (2011) Association between moderately oxidized low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particle subclass distribution in hemodialyzed and post-renal transplant patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 12(5):365\u2013371","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.03.046","volume":"359","author":"T Kosaka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kosaka T, Yamaguchi M et al (2005) Investigation of the relationship between atherosclerosis and paraoxonase or homocysteine thiolactonase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a commercially available assay. Clin Chim Acta 359(1\u20132):156\u2013162","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.02.017","volume":"42","author":"N Koubaa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koubaa N, Nakbi A et al (2009) Association of homocysteine thiolactonase activity and PON1 polymorphisms with the severity of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Biochem 42(9):771\u2013776","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"1321_CR80","first-page":"13","volume":"4","author":"RP Kreutz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kreutz RP, Nystrom P et al (2012) Influence of paraoxonase-1 Q192R and cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphisms on clopidogrel response. Clin Pharmacol 4:13\u201320","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1321_CR81","unstructured":"Lacinski M, Skorupski W et al (2004) Determinants of homocysteine-thiolactonase activity of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) protein in humans. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 50(8):885\u2013893"},{"issue":"8","key":"1321_CR82","first-page":"885","volume":"50","author":"M Lacinski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lacinski M, Skorupski W et al (2004) Determinants of homocysteine-thiolactonase activity of the paraoxonase-1 (PON1) protein in humans. Cell Mol Biol 50(8):885\u2013893","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"1321_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakshman R, Garige M et al (2009) Is alcohol beneficial or harmful for cardioprotection? Genes Nutr 5(2):111\u2013120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0161-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.2935","volume":"17","author":"I Leviev","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leviev I, Negro F et al (1997) Two alleles of the human paraoxonase gene produce different amounts of mRNA. An explanation for differences in serum concentrations of paraoxonase associated with the (Leu-Met54) polymorphism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17(11):2935\u20132939","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31161-5","volume":"42","author":"I Leviev","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leviev I, Deakin S et al (2001) Decreased stability of the M54 isoform of paraoxonase as a contributory factor to variations in human serum paraoxonase concentrations. J Lipid Res 42(4):528\u2013535","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.112.962910","volume":"5","author":"JP Lewis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lewis JP, Shuldiner AR (2012) Paraoxonase 1 Q192R variant and clopidogrel efficacy: fact or fiction? Circ Cardiovasc Genet 5(2):153\u2013155","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000242559.42077.22","volume":"99","author":"D Liao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liao D, Tan H et al (2006) Hyperhomocysteinemia decreases circulating high-density lipoprotein by inhibiting apolipoprotein A-I Protein synthesis and enhancing HDL cholesterol clearance. Circ Res 99(6):598\u2013606","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"51","key":"1321_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.51.32370","volume":"272","author":"G Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu G, Nellaiappan K et al (1997) Irreversible inhibition of lysyl oxidase by homocysteine thiolactone and its selenium and oxygen analogues. Implications for homocystinuria. J Biol Chem 272(51):32370\u201332377","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90183-U","volume":"104","author":"MI Mackness","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackness MI, Arrol S et al (1993) Protection of low-density lipoprotein against oxidative modification by high-density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Atherosclerosis 104(1\u20132):129\u2013135","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00095-1","volume":"139","author":"B Mackness","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mackness B, Mackness MI et al (1998) Serum paraoxonase (PON1) 55 and 192 polymorphism and paraoxonase activity and concentration in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 139(2):341\u2013349","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0901.094247","volume":"21","author":"B Mackness","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mackness B, Davies GK et al (2001) Paraoxonase status in coronary heart disease: are activity and concentration more important than genotype? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21(9):1451\u20131457","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1321_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.050","volume":"17","author":"BL Man","year":"2010","unstructured":"Man BL, Baum L et al (2010) Genetic polymorphisms of Chinese patients with ischemic stroke and concurrent stenoses of extracranial and intracranial vessels. J Clin Neurosci 17(10):1244\u20131247","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211126200","volume":"278","author":"GK Marathe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marathe GK, Zimmerman GA et al (2003) Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, and not paraoxonase-1, is the oxidized phospholipid hydrolase of high density lipoprotein particles. J Biol Chem 278(6):3937\u20133947","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.023","volume":"45","author":"J Marsillach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marsillach J, Mackness B et al (2008) Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases-1, 2, and 3 expression in normal mouse tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 45(2):146\u2013157","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000204825.66410.0b","volume":"98","author":"LG Mikael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mikael LG, Genest J et al (2006) Elevated homocysteine reduces apolipoprotein A-I expression in hyperhomocysteinemic mice and in males with coronary artery disease. Circ Res 98(4):564\u2013571","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1321_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.11.072","volume":"88","author":"X Mu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mu X, Yu N et al (2012) Evaluation of a new substrate for measurement of serum PON arylesterase activity. Talanta 88:711\u2013716","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.6295","volume":"290","author":"MN Oda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oda MN, Bielicki JK et al (2002) Paraoxonase 1 overexpression in mice and its effect on high-density lipoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290(3):921\u2013927","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.10.033","volume":"129","author":"T Ohmori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohmori T, Yano Y et al (2012) Lack of association between serum paraoxonase-1 activity and residual platelet aggregation during dual anti-platelet therapy. Thromb Res 129(4):e36\u2013e40","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.04.018","volume":"807","author":"J Perla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perla J, Undas A et al (2004) Purification of antibodies against N-homocysteinylated proteins by affinity chromatography on N omega-homocysteinyl-aminohexyl-Agarose. J Chromatograph B-Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 807(2):257\u2013261","journal-title":"J Chromatograph B-Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-144410","volume":"24","author":"J Perla-Kaj\u00e1n","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perla-Kaj\u00e1n J, Jakubowski H (2010) Paraoxonase 1 protects against protein N-homocysteinylation in humans. FASEB J 24(3):931\u2013936","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1321_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2008.04.001","volume":"62","author":"J Perla-Kajan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perla-Kajan J, Stanger O et al (2008) Immunohistochernical detection of N-homocysteinylated proteins in humans and mice. Biomed Pharmacother 62(7):473\u2013479","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200401000-00010","volume":"7","author":"AF Perna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perna AF, Ingrosso D et al (2004) Homocysteine metabolism in renal failure. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 7(1):53\u201357","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1321_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000070","volume":"69","author":"AF Perna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perna AF, Satta E et al (2006) Increased plasma protein homocysteinylation in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 69(5):869\u2013876","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00187-4","volume":"34","author":"D Qujeq","year":"2001","unstructured":"Qujeq D, Omran TS et al (2001) Correlation between total homocysteine, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum of patients with myocardial infarction. Clin Biochem 34(2):97\u2013101","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"18","key":"1321_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.08.024","volume":"43","author":"MG Rajkovi\u0107","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rajkovi\u0107 MG, Rumora L et al (2010) Effect of non-genetic factors on paraoxonase 1 activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Biochem 43(18):1375\u20131380","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.4.542","volume":"21","author":"ST Reddy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reddy ST, Wadleigh DJ et al (2001) Human paraoxonase-3 is an HDL-associated enzyme with biological activity similar to paraoxonase-1 protein but is not regulated by oxidized lipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21(4):542\u2013547","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"1321_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-350-3_4","volume":"660","author":"RJ Richter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richter RJ, Jarvik GP et al (2010) Paraoxonase 1 status as a risk factor for disease or exposure. Adv Exp Med Biol 660:29\u201335","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.030","volume":"181","author":"O Rozenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rozenberg O, Shih DM et al (2005) Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) attenuates macrophage oxidative status: studies in PON1 transfected cells and in PON1 transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis 181(1):9\u201318","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1321_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.02.012","volume":"44","author":"O Rozenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rozenberg O, Shiner M et al (2008) Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) attenuates diabetes development in mice through its antioxidative properties. Free Radic Biol Med 44(11):1951\u20131959","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1321_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1021\/bi052076j","volume":"45","author":"DL Sauls","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sauls DL, Lockhart E et al (2006) Modification of fibrinogen by homocysteine thiolactone increases resistance to fibrinolysis: a potential mechanism of the thrombotic tendency in hyperhomocysteinemia. Biochemistry 45(8):2480\u20132487","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1321_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.192229","volume":"104","author":"ZG She","year":"2009","unstructured":"She ZG, Zheng W et al (2009) Human paraoxonase gene cluster transgenic overexpression represses atherogenesis and promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability in ApoE-null mice. Circ Res 104(10):1160\u20131168","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"6690","key":"1321_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/28406","volume":"394","author":"DM Shih","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shih DM, Gu L et al (1998) Mice lacking serum paraoxonase are susceptible to organophosphate toxicity and atherosclerosis. Nature 394(6690):284\u2013287","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"1321_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17527","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910376199","volume":"275","author":"DM Shih","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shih DM, Xia YR et al (2000) Combined serum paraoxonase knockout\/apolipoprotein E knockout mice exhibit increased lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 275(23):17527\u201317535","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"1321_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000264499.48737.69","volume":"100","author":"DM Shih","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shih DM, Xia YR et al (2007) Decreased obesity and atherosclerosis in human paraoxonase 3 transgenic mice. Circ Res 100(8):1200\u20131207","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00929.x","volume":"117","author":"BS Shin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shin BS, Oh SY et al (2008) The paraoxonase gene polymorphism in stroke patients and lipid profile. Acta Neurol Scand 117(4):237\u2013243","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"1321_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210801800211","volume":"18","author":"A Sodi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sodi A, Giambene B et al (2008) Atherosclerotic and thrombophilic risk factors in patients with recurrent central retinal vein occlusion. Eur J Ophthalmol 18(2):233\u2013238","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.9.133","volume":"9","author":"T Suehiro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suehiro T, Ikeda Y et al (2002) Serum paraoxonase (PON1) concentration in patients undergoing hemodialysis. J Atheroscler Thromb 9(3):133\u2013138","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1311","volume":"19","author":"J Suszynska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suszynska J, Tisonczyk J et al (2010) Reduced homocysteine-thiolactonase activity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 19(4):1177\u20131183","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1321_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sztanek F, Seres I et al (2012) Decreased paraoxonase 1 (PON1) lactonase activity in hemodialyzed and renal transplanted patients. A novel cardiovascular biomarker in end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. doi: 10.1093\/ndt\/gfr753","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr753"},{"issue":"12","key":"1321_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400213-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"JF Teiber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teiber JF, Draganov DI et al (2004) Purified human serum PON1 does not protect LDL against oxidation in the in vitro assays initiated with copper or AAPH. J Lipid Res 45(12):2260\u20132268","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.03.138","volume":"145","author":"H T\u00fcrkeli","year":"2010","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkeli H, Cayc\u0131 T et al (2010) Paraoxonase-1 activity determination via paraoxon substrate yields no significant difference in mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Cardiol 145(1):42\u201343","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1321_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000023623.87083.4F","volume":"106","author":"A Tward","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tward A, Xia YR et al (2002) Decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation in human serum paraoxonase transgenic mice. Circulation 106(4):484\u2013490","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1321_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000128412.59768.6e","volume":"35","author":"A Undas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Undas A, Perla J et al (2004) Autoantibodies against N-homocysteinylated proteins in humans\u2014Implications for atherosclerosis. Stroke 35(6):1299\u20131304","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-04-0228","volume":"96","author":"A Undas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Undas A, Stepien E et al (2006) Folic acid administration and antibodies against homocysteinylated proteins in subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia. Thromb Haemost 96(3):342\u2013347","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"1321_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/819862","volume":"26","author":"E Varga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Varga E, Seres I et al (2009) Serum cystatin C is a determinant of paraoxonase activity in hemodialyzed and renal transplanted patients. Dis Markers 26(3):141\u2013148","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"1321_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vos E (2008) Homocysteine levels, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 300(2):168\u2013169 (author reply 169)","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.2.168"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1321_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.317","volume":"283","author":"H Wehr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wehr H, Bednarska-Makaruk M et al (2009) Paraoxonase activity and dementia. J Neurol Sci 283(1\u20132):107\u2013108","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1321_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-008-0095-x","volume":"25","author":"G Weijun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weijun G, Juming L et al (2008) Effects of plasma homocysteine levels on serum HTase\/PON activity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Adv Ther 25(9):884\u2013893","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1321_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P004960","volume":"51","author":"A Zafiropoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zafiropoulos A, Linardakis M et al (2010) Paraoxonase 1 R\/Q alleles are associated with differential accumulation of saturated versus 20:5n3 fatty acid in human adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 51(7):1991\u20132000","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1321_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zengi O, Karakas A et al (2011) Urinary 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine level and plasma paraoxonase 1 activity with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 50(3):529\u2013534","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.792"},{"issue":"1","key":"1321_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2011.09.018","volume":"105","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Ma Y et al (2012) Association between PON1 activity and coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis based on 43 studies. Mol Genet Metab 105(1):141\u2013148","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"}],"container-title":["Amino Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T22:57:23Z","timestamp":1743202643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-012-1321-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-4451","1438-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-4451","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]}}}