{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:56:23Z","timestamp":1773035783146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amino Acids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T04:04:52Z","timestamp":1489205092000},"page":"1111-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The role of l-arginine\/l-homoarginine\/nitric oxide pathway for aortic distensibility and intima-media thickness in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Haghikia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgi Radoslavov","family":"Yanchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arslan Arinc","family":"Kayacelebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Hanff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Bledau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Widera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sonnenschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiden","family":"Haghikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Weissenborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Bauersachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Bavendiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tsikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2409_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw062","volume":"110","author":"I Alesutan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alesutan I, Feger M, Tuffaha R, Castor T, Musculus K, Buehling SS, Heine CL, Kuro-O M, Pieske B, Schmidt K, Tomaschitz A, Maerz W, Pilz S, Meinitzer A, Voelkl J, Lang F (2016) Augmentation of phosphate-induced osteo-\/chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells by homoarginine. Cardiovasc Res 110:408\u2013418","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2409_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0314","volume":"52","author":"D Atzler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atzler D, Schwedhelm E, Nauck M, Ittermann T, B\u00f6ger RH, Friedrich N (2014) Serum reference intervals of homoarginine, ADMA, and SDMA in the study of health in Pomerania. Clin Chem Lab Med 52:1835\u20131842","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2409_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0785","volume":"54","author":"D Atzler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atzler D, Appelbaum S, Cordts K, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, M\u00fcnzel T, Blankenberg S, B\u00f6ger RH, Blettner M, Beutel ME, Pfeiffer N, Zeller T, Lackner KJ, Schwedhelm E (2016a) Reference intervals of plasma homoarginine from the German Gutenberg Health Study. Clin Chem Lab Med 54:1231\u20131237","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2409_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13068","volume":"82","author":"D Atzler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atzler D, Sch\u00f6nhoff M, Cordts K, Ortland I, Hoppe J, Hummel FC, Gerloff C, Jaehde U, Jagodzinski A, B\u00f6ger RH, Choe CU, Schwedhelm E (2016b) Oral supplementation with l-homoarginine in young volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 82:1477\u20131485","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2409_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2012.02.003","volume":"12","author":"Y Bai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bai Y, Sun L, Du L, Zhang T, Xin W, Lan X, Du G (2013) Association of circulating levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) with carotid intima-media thickness: evidence from 6168 participants. Ageing Res Rev 12:699\u2013707","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2409_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03029-7","volume":"15","author":"A Benetos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benetos A, Waeber B, Izzo J, Mitchell G, Resnick L, Asmar R, Safar M (2002) Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and renal disease on arterial stiffness: clinical applications. Am J Hypertens 15:1101\u20131108","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2409_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1960-y","volume":"47","author":"HG Bernstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bernstein HG, J\u00e4ger K, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J, Keilhoff G, Bogerts B, Laube G (2015) Possible sources and functions of l-homoarginine in the brain: review of the literature and own findings. Amino Acids 47:1729\u20131740","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2027-9","volume":"47","author":"C Carmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carmann C, Lilienthal E, Weigt-Usinger K, Schmidt-Choudhury A, H\u00f6rster I, Kayacelebi AA, Beckmann B, Chobanyan-J\u00fcrgens K, Tsikas D, L\u00fccke T (2015) The l-arginine\/NO pathway, homoarginine, and nitrite-dependent renal carbonic anhydrase activity in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Amino Acids 47:1865\u20131874","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000580","volume":"128","author":"CU Choe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choe CU, Atzler D, Wild PS, Carter AM, B\u00f6ger RH, Ojeda F, Simova O, Stockebrand M, Lackner K, Nabuurs C, Marescau B, Streichert T, M\u00fcller C, L\u00fcneburg N, De Deyn PP, Benndorf RA, Baldus S, Gerloff C, Blankenberg S, Heerschap A, Grant PJ, Magnus T, Zeller T, Isbrandt D, Schwedhelm E (2013) Homoarginine levels are regulated by l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and affect stroke outcome: results from human and murine studies. Circulation 128:1451\u20131461","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.08.020","volume":"586","author":"M Davids","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davids M, Ndika JD, Salomons GS, Blom HJ, Teerlink T (2012) Promiscuous activity of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase is responsible for the synthesis of the novel cardiovascular risk factor homoarginine. FEBS Lett 586:3653\u20133657","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2409_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00206.2004","volume":"97","author":"W Derave","year":"2004","unstructured":"Derave W, Marescau B, Vanden Eede E, Eijnde BO, De Deyn PP, Hespel P (2004) Plasma guanidino compounds are altered by oral creatine supplementation in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 97:852\u2013857","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"2409_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00003-0","volume":"33","author":"E Ferrari","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ferrari E, Vidal R, Chevallier T, Baudouy M (1999) Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1317\u20131322","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2409_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2023-0","volume":"47","author":"AS Frenay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frenay AS, van den Berg E, de Borst MH, Beckmann B, Tsikas D, Feelisch M, Navis G, Bakker SJL, van Goor H (2015a) Plasma ADMA associates with all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients. Amino Acids 47:1941\u20131949","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2038-6","volume":"47","author":"AS Frenay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frenay AS, Kayacelebi AA, van den Berg E, de Borst MH, Beckmann B, van Goor H, Bakker SJL, Tsikas D (2015b) High urinary homoarginine excretion is associated with low rates of all-cause mortality and graft failure in renal transplant recipients. Amino Acids 47:1827\u20131836","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2015-0","volume":"47","author":"A Haghikia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haghikia A, Kayacelebi AA, Beckmann B, Hanff E, Gold R, Haghikia A, Tsikas D (2015) Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homoarginine, arginine, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, nitrite and nitrate in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Amino Acids 47:1837\u20131845","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2120-0","volume":"48","author":"E Hanff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanff E, Kayacelebi AA, Yanchev GR, Maassen N, Haghikia A, Tsikas D (2016a) Simultaneous stable-isotope dilution GC-MS measurement of homoarginine, guanidinoacetate and their common precursor arginine in plasma and their interrelationships in healthy and diseased humans. Amino Acids 48:721\u2013732","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.03.034","author":"E Hanff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanff E, L\u00fctzow M, Kayacelebi AA, Finkel A, Maassen M, Yanchev GR, Haghikia A, Bavendiek U, Buck A, L\u00fccke T, Maassen N, Tsikas D (2016b) Simultaneous GC-ECNICI-MS measurement of nitrite, nitrate and creatinine in human urine and plasma in clinical setting. J Chromatogr B. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.03.034","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2409_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)81434-A","volume":"294","author":"M Hecker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hecker M, Walsh DT, Vane JR (1991) On the substrate specificity of nitric oxide synthase. FEBS Lett 294:221\u2013224","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2409_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0840593","volume":"84","author":"KD Hopkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hopkins KD, Lehmann ED, Gosling RG, Parker JR, S\u00f6nksen PH (1993) Biochemical correlates of aortic distensibility in vivo in normal subjects. Clin Sci (Lond) 84:593\u2013597","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2409_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2018-x","volume":"47","author":"I H\u00f6rster","year":"2015","unstructured":"H\u00f6rster I, Weigt-Usinger K, Carmann C, Chobanyan-J\u00fcrgens K, K\u00f6hler C, Schara U, Kayacelebi AA, Beckmann B, Tsikas D, L\u00fccke T (2015) The l-arginine\/NO pathway and homoarginine are altered in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and improved by glucocorticoids. Amino Acids 47:1853\u20131863","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21819","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141121819","volume":"14","author":"A Ja\u017awi\u0144ska-Kozuba","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ja\u017awi\u0144ska-Kozuba A, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Kruszelnicka O, Rycaj J, Chyrchel B, Surdacki A, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM (2013) Opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine in healthy children and adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 14:21819\u201321832","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2409_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.080","volume":"173","author":"AA Kayacelebi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kayacelebi AA, Nguyen TH, Neil C, Horowitz JD, Jordan J, Tsikas D (2014) Homoarginine and 3-nitrotyrosine in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Int J Cradiol 173:546\u2013547","journal-title":"Int J Cradiol"},{"key":"2409_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1984-3","volume":"47","author":"AA Kayacelebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayacelebi AA, Kn\u00f6fel AK, Beckmann B, Hanff E, Warnecke G, Tsikas D (2015a) Measurement of unlabeled and stable isotope-labeled homoarginine, arginine and their metabolites in biological samples by GC\u2013MS and GC\u2013MS\/MS. Amino Acids 47:2023\u20132034","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2012-3","volume":"47","author":"AA Kayacelebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayacelebi AA, Langen J, Weigt-Usinger K, Chobanyan-J\u00fcrgens K, Mariotti F, Schneider JY, Rothmann S, Fr\u00f6lich JC, Atzler D, Choe CU, Schwedhelm E, Huneau JF, L\u00fccke T, Tsikas D (2015b) Biosynthesis of homoarginine (hArg) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) from acutely and chronically administered free l-arginine in humans. Amino Acids 47:1893\u20131908","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1915-3","volume":"47","author":"AA Kayacelebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayacelebi AA, Willers J, Pham VV, Hahn A, Schneider JY, Rothmann S, Fr\u00f6lich JC, Tsikas D (2015c) Plasma homoarginine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and total homocysteine interrelationships in rheumatoid arthritis, coronary artery disease and peripheral artery occlusion disease. Amino Acids 47:1885\u20131891","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2014-1","volume":"47","author":"A Khalil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khalil A, Hardman L, O\u00b4Brien P (2015) The role of arginine, homoarginine and nitric oxide in pregnancy. Amino Acids 47:1715\u20131727","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2007.05.005","volume":"17","author":"A Kielstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kielstein A, Tsikas D, Galloway GP, Mendelson JE (2007) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)\u2014a modulator of nociception in opiate tolerance and addiction. Nitric Oxide 17:55\u201359","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"2409_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.1996.tb00891.x","volume":"13","author":"I Kronzon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kronzon I, Tunick PA (1996) Transesophageal echocardiography in thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. Echocardiography 13:233\u2013246","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"2409_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.593418","volume":"114","author":"I Kronzon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kronzon I, Tunick PA (2006) Aortic atherosclerotic disease and stroke. Circulation 114:63\u201375","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2028-8","volume":"47","author":"J Langen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Langen J, Kayacelebi AA, Beckmann B, Weigt-Usinger K, Carmann C, H\u00f6rster I, Lilienthal E, Richter-Unruh A, Tsikas D, L\u00fccke T (2015) Homoarginine (hArg) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in short stature children without and with growth hormone deficiency: hArg and ADMA are involved differently in growth in the childhood. Amino Acids 47:1875\u20131883","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0890247","volume":"89","author":"ED Lehmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lehmann ED, Hopkins KD, Jones RL, Rudd AG, Gosling RG (1995) Aortic distensibility in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 89:247\u2013253","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2409_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.3.565","volume":"32","author":"ED Lehmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lehmann ED, Hopkins KD, Rawesh A, Joseph RC, Kongola K, Coppack SW, Gosling RG (1998) Relation between number of cardiovascular risk factors\/events and noninvasive Doppler ultrasound assessments of aortic compliance. Hypertension 32:565\u2013569","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2409_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00162-5","volume":"43","author":"J Leiper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leiper J, Vallance P (1999) Biological significance of endogenous methylarginines that inhibit nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res 43:542\u2013548","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2409_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023005","volume":"135","author":"J Lew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lew J, Sanghavi M, Ayers CR, McGuire DK, Omland T, Atzler D, Gore MO, Neeland I, Berry JD, Khera A, Rohatgi A, de Lemos JA (2017) Sex-based differences in cardiometabolic biomarkers. Circulation 135:544\u2013555","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.908988","volume":"122","author":"W M\u00e4rz","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00e4rz W, Meinitzer A, Drechsler C, Pilz S, Krane V, Kleber ME, Fischer J, Winkelmann BR, B\u00f6hm BO, Ritz E, Wanner C (2010) Homoarginine, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. Circulation 122:967\u2013975","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10453","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980742t","volume":"37","author":"C Moali","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moali C, Boucher JL, Sari MA, Stuehr DJ, Mansuy D (1998) Substrate specificity of NO synthases: detailed comparison of l-arginine, homo-l-arginine, their N omega-hydroxy derivatives, and N omega-hydroxynor-l-arginine. Biochemistry 37:10453\u201310460","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2409_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292706","volume":"329","author":"S Moncada","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moncada S, Higgs A (1993) The l-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. New Engl J Med 329:2002\u20132012","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2409_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2017-y","volume":"47","author":"N Papageorgiou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Papaioannou S, Antoniades C, Tousoulis D (2015) Homoarginine in the shadow of asymmetric dimethylarginine: from nitric oxide to cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 47:1741\u20131750","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.220731","volume":"97","author":"S Pilz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pilz S, Meinitzer A, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Krane V, Wanner C, B\u00f6hm BO, M\u00e4rz W (2011a) Low homoarginine concentration is a novel risk factor for heart disease. Heart 97:1222\u20131227","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2409_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.603035","volume":"42","author":"S Pilz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, Meinitzer A, Drechsler C, Ritz E, Krane V, Wanner C, B\u00f6hm BO, M\u00e4rz W (2011b) Low serum homoarginine is a novel risk factor for fatal strokes in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Stroke 42:1132\u20131134","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2409_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12208","volume":"44","author":"S Pilz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pilz S, Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Meinitzer A, Rutters F, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, Kienreich K, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, M\u00e4rz W, Dekker JM (2014a) Homoarginine and mortality in an older population: the Hoorn study. Eur J Clin Invest 44:200\u2013208","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2409_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.09.004","volume":"20","author":"S Pilz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pilz S, Edelmann F, Meinitzer A, Gelbrich G, D\u00f6ner U, D\u00fcngen HD, Tomaschitz A, Kienrreich K, Gaksch M, Duvinage A, Stahrenberg R, Kunde J, Schmidt A, M\u00e4rz W, Wachter R, Pieske B (2014b) Associations of methylarginines and homoarginine with diastolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. J Card Fail 20:923\u2013930","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"2409_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2000-7","volume":"47","author":"S Pilz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pilz S, Putz-Bankuti C, Meinitzer A, M\u00e4rz W, Kienreich K, Stojakovic T, Pieber TR, Stauber RE (2015a) Association of homoarginine and methylarginines with liver dysfunction and mortality in chronic liver disease. Amino Acids 47:1817\u20131826","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-1993-2","volume":"47","author":"S Pilz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pilz S, Meinitzer A, Gaksch M, Gr\u00fcbler M, Verheyen N, Drechsler C, Hartaigh B\u00d3, Lang F, Alesutan I, Voelkl J, M\u00e4rz W, Tomaschitz A (2015b) Homoarginine in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Amino Acids 47:1703\u20131713","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(91)90082-Q","volume":"8","author":"H Shiraga","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shiraga H, Watanabe Y, Mori A (1991) Guanidino compound levels in the serum of healthy adults and epileptic patients. Epilepsy 8:142\u2013148","journal-title":"Epilepsy"},{"key":"2409_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2015.11.012","volume":"10","author":"H Smulyan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smulyan H, Mookherjee S, Safar ME (2016) The two faces of hypertension: role of aortic stiffness. J Am Soc Hypertens 10:175\u2013183","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"2409_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.391","volume":"85","author":"HC Stary","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stary HC, Blankenhorn DH, Chandler AB, Glagov S, Insull W Jr, Richardson M, Rosenfeld ME, Schaffer SA, Schwartz CJ, Wagner WD et al (1992) A definition of the intima of human arteries and of its atherosclerosis-prone regions. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Circulation 85:391\u201340514","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059639","volume":"11","author":"C Stefanadis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stefanadis C, Stratos C, Boudoulas H, Kourouklis C, Toutouzas P (1990) Distensibility of the ascending aorta: comparison of invasive and non-invasive techniques in healthy men and in men with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 11:990\u2013996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2409_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.1.31","volume":"95","author":"C Stefanadis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stefanadis C, Tsiamis E, Vlachopoulos C, Stratos C, Toutouzas K, Pitsavos C, Marakas S, Boudoulas H, Toutouzas P (1997) Unfavorable effect of smoking on the elastic properties of the human aorta. Circulation 95:31\u201338","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2409_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm793","volume":"23","author":"YE Taes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taes YE, Marescau B, De Vriese A, De Deyn PP, Schepers E, Vanholder R, Delanghe JR (2008) Guanidino compounds after creatine supplementation in renal failure patients and their relation to inflammatory status. Nephrol Dial Transpl 23:1330\u20131335","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"2409_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.066","volume":"46","author":"T Thum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thum T, Tsikas D, Stein S, Schultheiss M, Eigenthaler M, Anker SD, Poole-Wilson PA, Ertl G, Bauersachs J (2005) Suppression of endothelial progenitor cells in human coronary artery disease by the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. J Am Coll Cardiol 46:1693\u20131701","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2409_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2008.04.018","volume":"379","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsikas D (2008) A critical review and discussion of analytical methods in the l-arginine\/nitric oxide area of basic and clinical research. Anal Biochem 379:139\u2013163","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"2409_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0484","volume":"78","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsikas D, Kayacelebi AA (2014) Do homoarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine act antagonistically in the cardiovascular system? Circ J 78:2094\u20132095","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"2409_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2055-5","volume":"47","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsikas D, Wu G (2015) Homoarginine, arginine, and relatives: analysis, metabolism, transport, physiology, and pathology. Amino Acids 47:1697\u20131702","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01686-0","volume":"478","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsikas D, B\u00f6ger RH, Sandmann J, Bode-B\u00f6ger SM, Fr\u00f6lich JC (2000) Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are responsible for the l-arginine paradox. FEBS Lett 478:1\u20133","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2409_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.09.001","volume":"798","author":"D Tsikas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsikas D, Schubert B, Gutzki FM et al (2003) Quantitative determination of circulating and urinary asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in humans by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as methyl ester tri(N-pentafluoropropionyl) derivative. J Chromatogr B 798:87\u201399","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2409_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-013-1500-6","volume":"45","author":"G Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu G (2013) Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. Amino Acids 45:407\u2013411","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2409_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","volume":"37","author":"G Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA, Kim SW, Li P, Marc Rhoads J, Carey Satterfield M, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Yin Y (2009) Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 37:153\u2013168","journal-title":"Amino Acids"}],"container-title":["Amino Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T09:10:17Z","timestamp":1495098617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-017-2409-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-4451","1438-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-4451","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]]}}}