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While the (CTG)<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> allele affords protection in the Caucasian population, we have previously shown that this allele is less frequently present in the Chinese population and therefore a protective role for the (CTG)<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> allele is difficult to demonstrate. In the present study, we sought to assess if carnosinase-1 (CN-1) concentrations in serum and\/or urine are associated with progression of DKD and to what extent CN-1 influences diabetes-associated inflammation. From a total of 622 individuals that enrolled in our study, 247 patients had type 2 diabetes without DKD, 165 patients had DKD and 210 subjects served as healthy controls. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors predicting urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CN-1 concentration in serum and urine. The results indicated that serum CN-1 indeed correlated with eGFR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). In addition, urinary CN-1 associated with eGFR and tubular injury indicator: urinary cystatin C (Cys-C) and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP). Interestingly, serum CN-1 also positively correlated with inflammatory indicators: neutrophils and lymphocytes. With regard to this, a STZ injected C57BL\/6 mice model with surgically made skin wound was established for the generation of skin inflammation. This animal model further proved that the expression of CN-1 in liver and kidney increased remarkably in diabetic mice with skin wound as compared to those without. In conclusion, serum and urinary CN-1 significantly related to the surrogates of impaired renal function in diabetic patients; besides, CN-1 expression might also be associated with the process of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-022-03206-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T17:07:53Z","timestamp":1667322473000},"page":"89-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum and urinary carnosinase-1 correlate with kidney function and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2120-1544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingna","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benito","family":"Yard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"3206_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2178-5","volume":"54","author":"TS Ahluwalia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahluwalia TS, Lindholm E, Groop LC (2011) Common variants in CNDP1 and CNDP2, and risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. 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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Hefei, China, approval No. PJ2018-05-09 and No. PJ2020-15-17). All participants signed written informed consent prior to participating in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}