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It defines three mechanistic subtypes of incretin resistance\u2014receptor-level, post-receptor, and secretory\u2014highlighting their distinct pathways and therapeutic implications. This model promotes personalized care by moving beyond the oversimplified \u2018non-responder\u2019 classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-025-03488-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:57:11Z","timestamp":1763132231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Decoding incretin resistance: a mechanistic framework to reclassify therapeutic variability for GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3722-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almir","family":"Fajki\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8929-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Wah","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrej","family":"Belan\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2024.171168","volume":"174","author":"CJ Bailey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bailey CJ, Flatt PR (2024) Duodenal enteroendocrine cells and GIP as treatment targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. 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