{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:47:44Z","timestamp":1791996464549,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amino Acids"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T11:34:06Z","timestamp":1763724846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impacts of conditionally essential amino acids, cysteine, and tyrosine on intestinal inflammation in celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mohadeseh","family":"Mahmoudi Ghehsareh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Bakhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Asri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Rezaei-Tavirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Jahani-Sherafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Masotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2495-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rostami-Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.06.009","volume":"74","author":"H Ahsan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahsan H (2013) 3-nitrotyrosine: a biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions. Hum Immunol 74(10):1392\u20131399","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"3490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.3390\/v2112509","volume":"2","author":"A Ali","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ali A, Bandaranayake R, Cai Y, King N, Kolli M, Mittal S, Murzycki J, Nalam M, Nalivaika E, \u00d6zen A, Prabu M, Kelly T, Schiffer C (2010) Molecular basis for drug resistance in hiv-1 protease. Viruses 2:2509\u20132535","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"3490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.02.004","volume":"39","author":"I Amelio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amelio I, Cutruzzol\u00e1 F, Antonov A, Agostini M, Melino G (2014) Serine and glycine metabolism in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 39(4):191\u2013198","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.281.sys","volume":"28","author":"S Ashtari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashtari S, Pourhoseingholi MA, Rostami K, Aghdaei HA, Rostami-Nejad M, Busani L, Tavirani MR, Zali MR (2019) Prevalence of gluten-related disorders in asia-pacific region: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Liver Dis JGLD 28(1):95\u2013105","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Liver Dis JGLD"},{"issue":"9","key":"3490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.04.021","volume":"1842","author":"A Barilli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barilli A, Rotoli BM, Visigalli R, Dall\u2019Asta V (2014) Gliadin activates arginase pathway in raw264.7 cells and in human monocytes. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) -. Mol Basis Disease 1842(9):1364\u20131371","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"3490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21791","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501558200","volume":"280","author":"E Bergseng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bergseng E, Xia J, Kim C-Y, Khosla C, Sollid LM (2005) Main chain hydrogen bond interactions in the binding of proline-rich gluten peptides to the celiac disease-associated hla-dq2 molecule*. J Biol Chem 280(23):21791\u201321796","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800548z","volume":"8","author":"I Bertini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bertini I, Calabr\u00f2 A, De Carli V, Luchinat C, Nepi S, Porfirio B, Renzi D, Saccenti E, Tenori L (2009) The metabonomic signature of celiac disease. J Proteome Res 8(1):170\u2013177","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.2068S","volume":"133","author":"JT Brosnan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brosnan JT (2003) Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation. J Nutr 133(6):2068S\u20132072S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1280-4","volume":"45","author":"JT Brosnan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (2013) Glutamate: a truly functional amino acid. Amino Acids 45(3):413\u2013418","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fcchold C, Hils M, Gerlach U, Weber J, Pelzer C, Heil A, Aeschlimann D, Pasternack R (2022) Features of zed1227: the first-in-class tissue transglutaminase inhibitor undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of Celiac disease. Cells 11(10):1667","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11101667"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27462Y","volume":"90","author":"DG Burrin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burrin DG, Stoll B (2009) Metabolic fate and function of dietary glutamate in the gut1234. Am J Clin Nutr 90(3):850S\u2013856S","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.03.023","volume":"169","author":"JR Cantor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cantor JR, Abu-Remaileh M, Kanarek N, Freinkman E, Gao X, Louissaint A, Lewis CA, Sabatini DM (2017) Physiologic medium rewires cellular metabolism and reveals uric acid as an endogenous inhibitor of ump synthase. Cell 169(2):258\u2013272e217","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandel NS (2021) Amino acid metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 13(4):a040584","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040584"},{"issue":"6","key":"3490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.528190","volume":"289","author":"R Chattopadhyay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chattopadhyay R, Dyukova E, Singh NK, Ohba M, Mobley JA, Rao GN (2014) Vascular endothelial tight junctions and barrier function are disrupted by 15 (s)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid partly via protein kinase c\u03f5-mediated Zona occludens-1 phosphorylation at threonine 770\/772. J Biol Chem 289(6):3148\u20133163","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425916664124","volume":"22","author":"S Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen S, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang H, Li S, Shi H, Zhu H, Zhang J, Pi D, Hu C-AA, Lin X, Odle J (2016) Asparagine improves intestinal integrity, inhibits tlr4 and Nod signaling, and differently regulates p38 and erk1\/2 signaling in weanling piglets after Lps challenge. Innate Immun 22(8):577\u2013587","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"3490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi BH, Coloff JL (2019) The diverse functions of non-essential amino acids in cancer. Cancers (Basel) 11(5):675","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050675"},{"key":"3490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260170010","volume":"21","author":"H Cornell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornell H, Wills-Johnson G (2001) Structure-activity relationships in coeliac-toxic Gliadin peptides. Amino Acids 21:243\u2013253","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00170-7","volume":"124","author":"P Crenn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crenn P, Vahedi K, Lavergne-Slove A, Cynober L, Matuchansky C, Messing B (2003) Plasma citrulline: a marker of enterocyte mass in villous atrophy-associated small bowel disease. Gastroenterology 124(5):1210\u20131219","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000450","volume":"30","author":"SJ Crisp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crisp SJ, Balint B, Vincent A (2017) Redefining progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus after the discovery of antibodies to Glycine receptors. Curr Opin Neurol 30(3):310\u2013316","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz297","volume":"142","author":"SJ Crisp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crisp SJ, Dixon CL, Jacobson L, Chabrol E, Irani SR, Leite MI, Leschziner G, Slaght SJ, Vincent A, Kullmann DM (2019) Glycine receptor autoantibodies disrupt inhibitory neurotransmission. Brain 142(11):3398\u20133410","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"3490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.740","volume":"50","author":"M Croset","year":"2001","unstructured":"Croset M, Rajas F, Zitoun C, Hurot J-M, Montano S, Mithieux G (2001) Rat small intestine is an insulin-sensitive gluconeogenic organ. Diabetes 50(4):740\u2013746","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"3490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111564","volume":"10","author":"V Cruzat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P (2018) Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients 10:11","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010786","volume":"8","author":"A Cunningham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cunningham A, Oudejans LL, Geugien M, Pereira-Martins DA, Wierenga ATJ, Erdem A, Sternadt D, Huls G, Schuringa JJ (2024) The nonessential amino acid cysteine is required to prevent ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 8(1):56\u201369","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005","volume":"53","author":"A D\u2019Aniello","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u2019Aniello A (2007) D-aspartic acid: an endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. Brain Res Rev 53(2):215\u2013234","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"3490_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00137","volume":"4","author":"V De Re","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Re V, Magris R, Cannizzaro R (2017) New insights into the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 4:137","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajpb.20190403.14","volume":"4","author":"AL de Souza Lacerda","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Souza Lacerda AL, Sagaziol SA, Schmidt D, Azevedo RA (2019) Determination of amino acids and nutritional aspects in transgenic soybean exposed to glyphosate. Am J Plant Biol 4(3):40\u201345","journal-title":"Am J Plant Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32215-1","volume":"13","author":"L Del Amo-Maestro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del Amo-Maestro L, Mendes SR, Rodr\u00edguez-Banqueri A, Garzon-Flores L, Girbal M, Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas MJ, Guevara T, Franch \u00c0, P\u00e9rez-Cano FJ, Eckhard U, Gomis-R\u00fcth FX (2022) Molecular and in vivo studies of a glutamate-class prolyl-endopeptidase for coeliac disease therapy. Nat Commun 13(1):4446","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202369","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1202369","volume":"10","author":"Y Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng Y, Cheng H, Li J, Han H, Qi M, Wang N, Tan B, Li J, Wang J (2023) Effects of glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate on intestinal barrier integrity and amino acid pool of the small intestine in piglets with normal or low energy diet. Front Vet Sci 10:1202369","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02793-08","volume":"75","author":"R Di Cagno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Cagno R, Rizzello CG, Gagliardi F, Ricciuti P, Ndagijimana M, Francavilla R, Guerzoni ME, Crecchio C, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M (2009) Different fecal microbiotas and volatile organic compounds in treated and untreated children with celiac disease. Appl Environ Microbiol 75(12):3963\u20133971","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.050","volume":"167","author":"V Discepolo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Discepolo V, Kelly CP, Koning F, Schuppan D (2024) How future pharmacologic therapies for celiac disease will complement the gluten-free diet. Gastroenterology 167(1):90\u2013103","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-11-40","volume":"11","author":"MJ D\u00f6rfel","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u00f6rfel MJ, Westphal JK, Bellmann C, Krug SM, Cording J, Mittag S, Tauber R, Fromm M, Blasig IE, Huber O (2013) Ck2-dependent phosphorylation of occludin regulates the interaction with zo-proteins and tight junction integrity. Cell Commun Signal 11:1\u201316","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2622-7","volume":"50","author":"N Drabi\u0144ska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drabi\u0144ska N, Krupa-Kozak U, Ciska E, Jarocka-Cyrta E (2018) Plasma profile and urine excretion of amino acids in children with celiac disease on gluten-free diet after oligofructose-enriched inulin intervention: results of a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. Amino Acids 50(10):1451\u20131460","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12010013","volume":"12","author":"S Fallah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fallah S, Asri N, Nikzamir A, Ahmadipour S, Sadeghi A, Rostami K, Rostami-Nejad M (2024) Investigating the impact of vitamin a and amino acids on immune responses in celiac disease patients. Diseases 12(1):13","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"3490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feher J (2017) 2.3\u2014protein structure. In: Feher J (ed) Quantitative human physiology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Boston, pp 130\u2013141","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800883-6.00012-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-025-00379-3","volume":"44","author":"TS Fung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fung TS, Ryu KW, Thompson CB (2025) Arginine: at the crossroads of nitrogen metabolism. Embo J 44(5):1275\u20131293","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.48","volume":"109","author":"HJ Galipeau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galipeau HJ, Wiepjes M, Motta JP, Schulz JD, Jury J, Natividad JM, Pinto-Sanchez I, Sinclair D, Rousset P, Martin-Rosique R, Bermudez-Humaran L, Leroux JC, Murray JA, Smecuol E, Bai JC, Vergnolle N, Langella P, Verdu EF (2014) Novel role of the serine protease inhibitor Elafin in gluten-related disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 109(5):748\u2013756","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00013","volume":"8","author":"J Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao J, Xu K, Liu H, Liu G, Bai M, Peng C, Li T, Yin Y (2018) Impact of the gut microbiota on intestinal immunity mediated by tryptophan metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:13","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.104315","volume":"318","author":"J Gass","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gass J, Vora H, Bethune MT, Gray GM, Khosla C (2006) Effect of barley endoprotease ep-b2 on gluten digestion in the intact rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318(3):1178\u20131186","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"3490_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15564","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415564","volume":"23","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Gazzin S, Zoratti C, Llido JP, Lanza G, Tiribelli C, Moretti R (2022) Celiac disease and neurological manifestations: from gluten to neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 23(24):15564","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4002","volume":"12","author":"C Gorrini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gorrini C, Harris IS, Mak TW (2013) Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12(12):931\u2013947","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0476","volume":"35","author":"J Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo J, Liang T, Chen H, Li X, Ren X, Wang X, Xiao K, Zhao J, Zhu H, Liu Y (2022) Glutamate attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced intestinal barrier injury by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor pathway in weaned pigs. Anim Biosci 35(8):1235","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"3490_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10791","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.311316","volume":"287","author":"AF Haag","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haag AF, Kerscher B, Dall\u2019Angelo S, Sani M, Longhi R, Baloban M, Wilson HM, Mergaert P, Zanda M, Ferguson GP (2012) Role of cysteine residues and disulfide bonds in the activity of a legume root nodule-specific, cysteine-rich peptide. J Biol Chem 287(14):10791\u201310798","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3490_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0080506","volume-title":"The interrelationship between glutamine and alanine in the intestine","author":"PJ Hanson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hanson PJ, Parsons DS (1980) The interrelationship between glutamine and alanine in the intestine. Portland Press Ltd, London"},{"issue":"7","key":"3490_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-021-03001-y","volume":"53","author":"T Hasegawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasegawa T, Mizugaki A, Inoue Y, Kato H, Murakami H (2021) Cystine reduces tight junction permeability and intestinal inflammation induced by oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Amino Acids 53(7):1021\u20131032","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3490_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9171905","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9171905","volume":"2018","author":"F He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He F, Wu C, Li P, Li N, Zhang D, Zhu Q, Ren W, Peng Y (2018) Functions and signaling pathways of amino acids in intestinal inflammation. Biomed Res Int 2018:9171905","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215587913","volume":"240","author":"Y Hou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hou Y, Yin Y, Wu G (2015) Dietary essentiality of nutritionally non-essential amino acids for animals and humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 240(8):997\u20131007","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5060-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"AS Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang AS, Beigneux A, Weil ZM, Kim PM, Molliver ME, Blackshaw S, Nelson RJ, Young SG, Snyder SH (2006) D-aspartate regulates melanocortin formation and function: behavioral alterations in d-aspartate oxidase-deficient mice. J Neurosci 26(10):2814\u20132819","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3490_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2404697","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404697","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin S, Wu J, Wang C, He Y, Tang Y, Huang L, Zhou H, Liu D, Wu Z, Feng Y, Chen H, He X, Yang G, Peng C, Qiu J, Li T, Yin Y, He L (2025) Aspartate metabolism-driven gut microbiota dynamics and rip-dependent mitochondrial function counteract oxidative stress. Adv Sci (Weinh) 12(11):e2404697","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"3490_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson EC (2017) Aspartic acid\u2606. Reference module in biomedical sciences. Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.97338-0"},{"issue":"7","key":"3490_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9025-2","volume":"266","author":"T Julian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Julian T, Hadjivassiliou M, Zis P (2019) Gluten sensitivity and epilepsy: a systematic review. J Neurol 266(7):1557\u20131565","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"3490_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19786","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R112.357194","volume":"287","author":"SC Kalhan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalhan SC, Hanson RW (2012) Resurgence of serine: an often neglected but indispensable amino acid. J Biol Chem 287(24):19786\u201319791","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"3490_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.07.007","volume":"133","author":"Y Kanan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kanan Y, Al-Ubaidi MR (2015) Role of tyrosine-sulfated proteins in retinal structure and function. Exp Eye Res 133:126\u2013131","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"3490_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.02.014","volume":"105","author":"Y Kanan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanan Y, Hamilton RA, Sherry DM, Al-Ubaidi MR (2012) Focus on molecules: sulfotyrosine. Exp Eye Res 105:85\u201386","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-021-00135-3","volume":"8","author":"L Kass-Iliyya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kass-Iliyya L, Sarrigiannis PG, Sanders DS, Hadjivassiliou M (2021) Glycine receptor antibodies and coeliac disease-related neurological dysfunction. Cerebellum Ataxias 8(1):12","journal-title":"Cerebellum Ataxias"},{"key":"3490_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalkhal E, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Fathi F, Nobakht M, Gh BF, Taherkhani A, Rostami-Nejad M, Asri N, Haidari MH (2021) Screening of altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in celiac disease using nmr spectroscopy. BioMed Research International 2021 (1):1798783","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1798783"},{"key":"3490_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01518.x","volume":"37","author":"M Khoshbaten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khoshbaten M, Rostami-Nejad M, Farzady L, Sharifi N, Hashemi S, Rostami K (2011) Fertility disorder associated with celiac disease in males and females: fact or fiction? J Obstet Gynecol Res 37:1308\u20131312","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Res"},{"key":"3490_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim J, Madan JP, Laumas S, Krishnan BR, Jin Y (2025) Larazotide acetate protects the intestinal mucosal barrierfrom anoxia\/reoxygenation injury via various cellular mechanisms. Biomedicines 13(10):2483","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13102483"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051051","volume":"18","author":"M-H Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim M-H, Kim H (2017) The roles of glutamine in the intestine and its implication in intestinal diseases. Int J Mol Sci 18(5):1051","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13612","volume":"82","author":"J Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar J, Kumar M, Pandey R, Chauhan NS (2017) Physiopathology and management of gluten-induced Celiac disease. J Food Sci 82(2):270\u2013277","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"3490_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i20.2511","volume":"18","author":"K Kurppa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurppa K, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen T, Collin P, Iltanen S, Huhtala H, Ashorn M, Saavalainen P, Haimila K, Partanen J, M\u00e4ki M, Kaukinen K (2012) Endomysial antibodies predict celiac disease irrespective of the titers or clinical presentation. World J Gastroenterol 18(20):2511\u20132516","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02967.x","volume":"48","author":"JM Lacey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lacey JM, Wilmore DW (1990) Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid? Nutr Rev 48(8):297\u2013309","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"3490_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082243","volume":"19","author":"G Lanza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lanza G, Bella R, Cantone M, Pennisi G, Ferri R, Pennisi M (2018) Cognitive impairment and celiac disease: is transcranial magnetic stimulation a trait d\u2019union between gut and brain? Int J Mol Sci 19:8","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3490_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108289","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1108289","volume":"14","author":"S Lechuga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lechuga S, Braga-Neto MB, Naydenov NG, Rieder F, Ivanov AI (2023) Understanding disruption of the gut barrier during inflammation: should we abandon traditional epithelial cell lines and switch to intestinal organoids? Front Immunol 14:1108289","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607102026002130","volume":"26","author":"MA Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee MA, McCauley RD, Kong S-E, Hall JC (2002) Influence of glycine on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Parenter Enter Nutr 26(2):130\u2013135","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521004566","volume":"127","author":"P Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li P, Wu G (2022) Important roles of amino acids in immune responses. Br J Nutr 127(3):398\u2013402","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"3490_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligthart-Melis GC, vande Poll MC, Boelens PG, Dejong CH, Deutz NE, van Leeuwen PA (2008) Glutamine is an importantprecursor for de novo synthesis of arginine in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 87(5):1282\u20131289","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1282"},{"key":"3490_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-383864-3.00004-1","volume-title":"Human biochemistry","author":"G Litwack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Litwack G (2018) Chap. 4\u2014proteins. In: Litwack G (ed) Human biochemistry. Academic, Boston, pp 63\u201394"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2009.90100","volume":"22","author":"Y Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu Y, Han J, Huang J, Wang X, Wang F, Wang J (2009) Dietary l-arginine supplementation improves intestinal function in weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 22(12):1667\u20131675","journal-title":"Asian Australas J Anim Sci"},{"key":"3490_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu YY, Lee CC, Hsu JH, Leu WM, Meng M (2021) Efficient hydrolysis of gluten-derived Celiac disease-triggering Immunogenic peptides by a bacterial Serine protease from burkholderia gladioli. Biomolecules 11(3):451","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030451"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/09687680010028762","volume":"18","author":"B L\u00f3pez-Corcuera","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Corcuera B, Geerlings A, Arag\u00f3n C (2001) Glycine neurotransmitter transporters: an update. Mol Membr Biol 18(1):13\u201320","journal-title":"Mol Membr Biol"},{"key":"3490_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo T, Zhao L, Feng C, Yan J, Yuan Y, Chen H (2024) Asparagine prevents intestinal stem cell aging via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Aging Cell 24(4):e14423.e14423","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14423"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.12.014","volume":"61","author":"OD Maddocks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maddocks OD, Labuschagne CF, Adams PD, Vousden KH (2016) Serine metabolism supports the methionine cycle and DNA\/rna methylation through de Novo Atp synthesis in cancer cells. Mol Cell 61(2):210\u2013221","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"3490_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049623","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1049623","volume":"9","author":"G Mamone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mamone G, Di Stasio L, Vitale S, Picascia S, Gianfrani C (2022) Analytical and functional approaches to assess the immunogenicity of gluten proteins. Front Nutr 9:1049623","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"3490_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F660","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00289.2014","volume":"307","author":"JC Marini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marini JC, Didelija IC, Fiorotto ML (2014) Extrarenal citrulline disposal in mice with impaired renal function. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 307(6):F660\u2013F665","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3490_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.209668","volume":"145","author":"JC Marini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marini JC, Agarwal U, Didelija IC (2015) Dietary arginine requirements for growth are dependent on the rate of citrulline production in mice. J Nutr 145(6):1227\u20131231","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3490_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123723","volume":"12","author":"R Mart\u00edn-Masot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Masot R, Mota-Martorell N, Jov\u00e9 M, Maldonado J, Pamplona R, Nestares T (2020) Alterations in one-carbon metabolism in celiac disease. Nutrients 12:12","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03854-0","volume":"23","author":"CV McCreery","year":"2025","unstructured":"McCreery CV, Alessi D, Mollo K, Fasano A, Zomorrodi AR (2025) Investigating intestinal epithelium metabolic dysfunction in celiac disease using personalized genome-scale models. BMC Med 23(1):95","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3490_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061336","volume":"12","author":"SI Mohd Azmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohd Azmi SI, Kumar P, Sharma N, Sazili AQ, Lee S-J, Ismail-Fitry MR (2023) Application of plant proteases in meat tenderization: recent trends and future prospects. Foods 12(6):1336","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"3490_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S218606","volume":"13","author":"A Nemati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nemati A, Alipanah-Moghadam R, Molazadeh L, Naghizadeh Baghi A (2019) The effect of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 after exhaustive exercise. Drug Des Dev Ther 13:4215\u20134223","journal-title":"Drug Des Dev Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.07.014","volume":"146","author":"LES Netto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Netto LES, de Oliveira MA, Monteiro G, Demasi APD, Cussiol JRR, Discola KF, Demasi M, Silva GM, Alves SV, Faria VG, Horta BB (2007) Reactive cysteine in proteins: protein folding, antioxidant defense, redox signaling and more. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 146(1):180\u2013193","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"3490_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascual P\u00e9rez AI, Larrea Tamayo E, Jim\u00e9nez Trevi\u00f1o S, Gonz\u00e1lez Jim\u00e9nez D, P\u00e9rez Sol\u00eds D, Molinos Norniella C, D\u00edaz Mart\u00edn JJ (2024) Plasma citrulline in the diagnosis and follow-up of Celiac disease. Child (Basel) 12(1):41","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010041"},{"key":"3490_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.005","volume":"186","author":"BD Paul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paul BD (2022) Cysteine metabolism and hydrogen sulfide signaling in huntington\u2019s disease. Free Radic Biol Med 186:93\u201398","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"3490_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00498","volume":"11","author":"M Pennisi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pennisi M, Bramanti A, Cantone M, Pennisi G, Bella R, Lanza G (2017) Neurophysiology of the celiac brain: disentangling gut-brain connections. Front Neurosci 11:498","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-2776","volume":"97","author":"AV Pop","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pop AV, Popa SL, Dumitrascu DL (2024) Extra-digestive manifestations of celiac disease. Med Pharm Rep 97(3):249\u2013254","journal-title":"Med Pharm Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.019","volume":"161","author":"IS Pultz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pultz IS, Hill M, Vitanza JM, Wolf C, Saaby L, Liu T, Winkle P, Leffler DA (2021) Gluten degradation, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of tak-062, an engineered enzyme to treat celiac disease. Gastroenterology 161(1):81\u201393e83","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3490_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1710","volume":"8","author":"B Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian B, Zhao X, Yang Y, Tian C (2020) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory peptide fraction from oyster soft tissue by enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Sci Nutr 8(7):3947\u20133956","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1757","volume":"173","author":"SW Qiao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qiao SW, Bergseng E, Molberg \u00d8, Xia J, Fleckenstein B, Khosla C, Sollid LM (2004) Antigen presentation to Celiac lesion-derived t cells of a 33-mer gliadin peptide naturally formed by gastrointestinal digestion. J Immunol 173(3):1757\u20131762","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR88","first-page":"201","volume":"3","author":"GE Quintanilla-Villanueva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quintanilla-Villanueva GE, Rodr\u00edguez-Delgado MM, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Blanco-G\u00e1mez EA, Luna-Moreno D (2024) The role of amino acid Glycine on cardiovascular health and its beneficial effects: a narrative review. J Vasc Dis 3(2):201\u2013211","journal-title":"J Vasc Dis"},{"key":"3490_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rassin DK (1996) [11]\u2014source, metabolism, and function of cysteine and glutathione in the central nervous system. In: Perez-Polo JR (ed) Methods in neurosciences, vol 30. Academic Press, pp 167\u2013177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-9471(96)80103-0"},{"key":"3490_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00532","volume":"5","author":"M Rath","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rath M, M\u00fcller I, Kropf P, Closs EI, Munder M (2014) Metabolism via arginase or nitric oxide synthase: two competing arginine pathways in macrophages. Front Immunol 5:532","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"3490_CR91","first-page":"G943","volume":"272","author":"JM Rhoads","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rhoads JM, Argenzio RA, Chen W, Rippe RA, Westwick JK, Cox AD, Berschneider HM, Brenner DA (1997) L-glutamine stimulates intestinal cell proliferation and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. Am J Physiol 272(5 Pt 1):G943\u2013953","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3490_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136729","volume":"22","author":"EC Rose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rose EC, Odle J, Blikslager AT, Ziegler AL (2021) Probiotics, prebiotics and epithelial tight junctions: a promising approach to modulate intestinal barrier function. Int J Mol Sci 22(13):6729","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR93","first-page":"102","volume":"4","author":"M Rostami Nejad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rostami Nejad M, Hogg-Kollars S, Ishaq S, Rostami K (2011a) Subclinical celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 4(3):102\u2013108","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR94","first-page":"115","volume":"14","author":"M Rostami Nejad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rostami Nejad M, Rostami K, Yamaoka Y, Mashayekhi R, Molaei M, Dabiri H, Al Dulaimi D, Mirsattari D, Zojaji H, Norouzinia M, Zali MR (2011b) Clinical and histological presentation of Helicobacter pylori and gluten related gastroenteropathy. Arch Iran Med 14(2):115\u2013118","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"3490_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.01.007","volume":"11","author":"A Sabatino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sabatino A, Vanoli A, Giuffrida P, Luinetti O, Solcia E, Corazza G (2012) The function of tissue transglutaminase in celiac disease. Autoimmun Rev 11:746\u2013753","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-4412(97)00167-2","volume":"26","author":"M Saffran","year":"1998","unstructured":"Saffran M (1998) Amino acid names and parlor games: from trivial names to a one-letter code, amino acid names have strained students\u2019 memories. Is a more rational nomenclature possible? Biochem Educ 26(2):116\u2013118","journal-title":"Biochem Educ"},{"key":"3490_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543730","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1543730","volume":"16","author":"S Saggu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saggu S, Pless A, Dew E, Ware D, Jiao K, Wang Q (2025) Monoamine signaling and neuroinflammation: mechanistic connections and implications for neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Immunol 16:1543730","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1371-2","volume":"45","author":"A San Gabriel","year":"2013","unstructured":"San Gabriel A, Uneyama H (2013) Amino acid sensing in the gastrointestinal tract. Amino Acids 45(3):451\u2013461","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3490_CR99","first-page":"93","volume":"3","author":"S Sarbini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sarbini S, Rastall R (2011) Prebiotics: metabolism, structure, and function. Funct Food Rev 3:93\u2013106","journal-title":"Funct Food Rev"},{"issue":"16","key":"3490_CR100","first-page":"e57","volume":"385","author":"D Schuppan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schuppan D, M\u00e4ki M, Lundin KEA (2021) A trial of a transglutaminase 2 inhibitor in Celiac disease. Reply. N Engl J Med 385(16):e57","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR101","first-page":"139","volume":"32","author":"E Sevinc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sevinc E, Himmet Akar H, Sevinc N, Arslan D, Can Sezgin G, Kendirci M (2015) Amino acid levels in children with celiac disease. Nutr Hosp 32(1):139\u2013143","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR102","first-page":"452","volume":"25","author":"E Sevinc","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sevinc E, Sevinc N, Akar HH, Ozelcoskun BD, Sezgin GC, Arslan D, Kendirci M (2016) Plasma glutamine and cystine are decreased and negatively correlated with endomysial antibody in children with celiac disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 25(3):452\u2013456","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12979","volume":"30","author":"U Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma U, Upadhyay D, Mewar S, Mishra A, Das P, Gupta SD, Dwivedi SN, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR (2015) Metabolic abnormalities of gastrointestinal mucosa in celiac disease: an in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30(10):1492\u20131498","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3490_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla M, Gharote A, Muchahary S (2025) Industrial scope of cysteine protease and its anti-gluten property: a review. Food Nutr 1(1):100006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fnutr.2025.100006"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.1.1","volume":"15","author":"DB Silk","year":"1974","unstructured":"Silk DB, Kumar PJ, Perrett D, Clark ML, Dawson AM (1974) Amino acid and peptide absorption in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Gut 15(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"3490_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza A, Zambom A, Abboud K, Reis S, Tannih\u00e3o F, Guadagnini D, Saad M, Prada P (2015) Oral supplementation with l-glutamine alters gut microbiota of obese and overweight human adults: a pilot study. Nutrition 31(6):884\u2013889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.01.004"},{"key":"3490_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773866","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.773866","volume":"8","author":"DC Szondi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szondi DC, Wong JK, Vardy LA, Cruickshank SM (2021) Arginase signalling as a key player in chronic wound pathophysiology and healing. Front Mol Biosci 8:773866","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-023-10175-0","volume":"55","author":"T Taraz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taraz T, Mahmoudi-Ghehsareh M, Asri N, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Naseh A, Rostami-Nejad M (2024) Overview of the compromised mucosal integrity in celiac disease. J Mol Histol 55(1):15\u201324","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"3490_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakoli T, Salmani F, Fard MS (2023) Evaluation of the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with celiac disease in South Khorasan (Iran). Mod Care J 21(2):e135314","DOI":"10.5812\/mcj-135314"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR110","first-page":"29","volume":"77","author":"J ter Steege","year":"1997","unstructured":"ter Steege J, Buurman W, Arends JW, Forget P (1997) Presence of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, cd68, and cd14 in the small intestine in celiac disease. Lab Investig 77(1):29\u201336","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"3490_CR111","unstructured":"Textbook of biotechnology (2012) Tata McGraw Hill Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"3490_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G910","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00157.2015","volume":"309","author":"N Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian N, Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Hansen J, Marietta EV, Murray JA, Schuppan D, Helmerhorst EJ (2015) Despite sequence homologies to gluten, salivary proline-rich proteins do not elicit immune responses central to the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 309(11):G910\u2013917","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"3490_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000494777","volume":"73","author":"D Tom\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tom\u00e9 D (2018) The roles of dietary glutamate in the intestine. Ann Nutr Metab 73(Suppl 5):15\u201320","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"3490_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomlinson C, RafiiM, Ball RO, Pencharz P (2011) Arginine synthesis from enteral glutamine in healthy adults in thefed state. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301 (2):E267\u2013E273","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00006.2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193764","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193764","volume":"13","author":"\u00c5 Torinsson Naluai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torinsson Naluai \u00c5, Saadat Vafa L, Gudjonsdottir AH, Arnell H, Browaldh L, Nilsson S, Agardh D (2018) Altered peripheral amino acid profile indicate a systemic impact of active celiac disease and a possible role of amino acids in disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 13(3):e0193764","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320786","volume":"70","author":"TH Tranah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tranah TH, Edwards LA, Schnabl B, Shawcross DL (2021) Targeting the gut-liver-immune axis to treat cirrhosis. Gut 70(5):982\u2013994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4305","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4305","volume":"33","author":"D Upadhyay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Upadhyay D, Singh A, Das P, Mehtab J, Dattagupta S, Ahuja V, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR, Sharma U (2020) Abnormalities in metabolic pathways in celiac disease investigated by the metabolic profiling of small intestinal mucosa, blood plasma and urine by Nmr spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 33(8):e4305","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"3490_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2022.04.999","volume":"531","author":"D Upadhyay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Upadhyay D, Das P, Dattagupta S, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR, Sharma U (2022) Nmr based metabolic profiling of patients with potential celiac disease elucidating early biochemical changes of gluten-sensitivity: a pilot study. Clin Chim Acta 531:291\u2013301","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.010908.163145","volume":"71","author":"LG Van Der Flier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Der Flier LG, Clevers H (2009) Stem cells, self-renewal, and differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Annu Rev Physiol 71(1):241\u2013260","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3490_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122619","volume":"10","author":"NJ van Hees","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Hees NJ, Giltay EJ, Tielemans SM, Geleijnse JM, Puvill T, Janssen N, van der Does W (2015) Essential amino acids in the gluten-free diet and serum in relation to depression in patients with celiac disease. PLoS One 10(4):e0122619","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i12.2031","volume":"12","author":"T Velikova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Velikova T, Vasilev G, Shumnalieva R, Chervenkov L, Miteva DG, Gulinac M, Priftis S, Lazova S (2024) Autoantibodies related to ataxia and other central nervous system manifestations of gluten enteropathy. World J Clin Cases 12(12):2031","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"12","key":"3490_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-021-03051-2","volume":"53","author":"LA Vettore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vettore LA, Westbrook RL, Tennant DA (2021) Proline metabolism and redox; maintaining a balance in health and disease. Amino Acids 53(12):1779\u20131788","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"8","key":"3490_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1758-3","volume":"46","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang W, Dai Z, Wu Z, Lin G, Jia S, Hu S, Dahanayaka S, Wu G (2014) Glycine is a nutritionally essential amino acid for maximal growth of milk-fed young pigs. Amino Acids 46(8):2037\u20132045","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"3490_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.224857","volume":"146","author":"B Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang B, Wu Z, Ji Y, Sun K, Dai Z, Wu G (2016) L-glutamine enhances tight junction integrity by activating Camk kinase 2\u2013amp-activated protein kinase signaling in intestinal Porcine epithelial cells. J Nutr 146(3):501\u2013508","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3490_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.07.009","volume":"8","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang N, Qi M, Li J, Tan B (2022) Glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate differently modulate energy homeostasis of small intestine under normal or low energy status in piglets. Anim Nutr 8:216\u2013226","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(94)90029-9","volume":"1200","author":"M Watford","year":"1994","unstructured":"Watford M (1994) Glutamine metabolism in rat small intestine: synthesis of three-carbon products in isolated enterocytes. Biochim Et Biophys Acta (BBA)-General Subj 1200(1):73\u201378","journal-title":"Biochim Et Biophys Acta (BBA)-General Subj"},{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5103975","volume":"5","author":"NJ Wierdsma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wierdsma NJ, van Bokhorst-de MA, Berkenpas M, Mulder CJ, van Bodegraven AA (2013) Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are highly prevalent in newly diagnosed celiac disease patients. Nutrients 5(10):3975\u20133992","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3360001","volume":"336","author":"G Wu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wu G, Morris SM Jr (1998) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 336(1):1\u201317","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"48","key":"3490_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40400","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.410712","volume":"287","author":"H Xue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xue H, Slavov D, Wischmeyer PE (2012) Glutamine-mediated dual regulation of heat shock transcription factor-1 activation and expression. J Biol Chem 287(48):40400\u201340413","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3490_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290105","volume":"12","author":"W Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu HT (2002) Mapk signal pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation in mammalian cells. Cell Res 12(1):9\u201318","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"3490_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1886-9","volume":"47","author":"H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang H, Hu CA, Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y (2015) Bioactive dietary peptides and amino acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Amino Acids 47(10):2127\u20132141","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"45","key":"3490_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04750","volume":"71","author":"Y-H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y-H, Leu W-M, Meng M (2023) Hydrolysis of gluten-derived celiac disease-triggering peptides across a broad ph range by rmuap1: a novel aspartic peptidase isolated from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. J Agric Food Chem 71(45):17202\u201317213","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3490_CR132","first-page":"229","volume":"6","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Wheeler MD, Li X, Froh M, Schemmer P, Yin M, Bunzendaul H, Bradford B, Lemasters JJ (2003) L-glycine: a novel antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective agent. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 6(2):229\u2013240","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"3490_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G866","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1996.271.5.G866","volume":"271","author":"TR Ziegler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ziegler TR, Mantell MP, Chow JC, Rombeau JL, Smith RJ (1996) Gut adaptation and the insulin-like growth factor system: regulation by glutamine and igf-i administration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 271(5):G866\u2013G875","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"}],"container-title":["Amino Acids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T18:02:05Z","timestamp":1765476125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-025-03490-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"1"}}