{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:28:44Z","timestamp":1787747324444,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503964800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004513","name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D.G. Murray Trust"},{"name":"Mary Slack and Daughters Foundation"},{"name":"Rolf-Stephan Nussbaum Foundation"},{"name":"Truworths Community Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Womens Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T16:41:48Z","timestamp":1504024908000},"page":"765-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of anxiety disorders amongst low-income pregnant women in urban South Africa: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5812-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thandi","family":"van Heyningen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Honikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Onah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"768_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0157-5","volume":"9","author":"AO Adewuya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adewuya AO, Ola BA, Aloba OO, Mapayi BM (2006) Anxiety disorders among Nigerian women in late pregnancy: a controlled study. Arch Womens Ment Health 9:325\u2013328. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-006-0157-5","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"768_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000135277.04565.e9","volume":"104","author":"L Andersson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersson L, Sundstr\u00f6m-Poromaa I, Wulff M et al (2004) Implications of antenatal depression and anxiety for obstetric outcome. Obstet Gynecol 104:467\u2013476. doi:\n10.1097\/01.AOG.0000135277.04565.e9","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"768_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.005","volume":"192","author":"A Bauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bauer A, Knapp M, Parsonage M (2016) Lifetime costs of perinatal anxiety and depression. J Affect Disord 192:83\u201390. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR4","unstructured":"Benjamin A (2014) Community counsellors\u2019 experiences of trauma and resilience in a low-income community. Dissertation presented for the degress of Doctor of Philosopy in the Department of Psychology at Stellenbosch University. Stellenbosch, South Africa"},{"key":"768_CR5","first-page":"93","volume":"89","author":"SG Bhagwanani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bhagwanani SG, Seagraves K, Dierker LJ, Lax M (1997) Relationship between prenatal anxiety and perinatal outcome in nulliparous women: a prospective study. J Natl Med Assoc 89:93\u201398","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"768_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.014","volume":"191","author":"A Biaggi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM (2016) Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 191:62\u201377. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48396","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048396","volume":"7","author":"C Bindt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bindt C, Appiah-poku J, Te Bonle M et al (2012) Antepartum depression and anxiety associated with disability in African women: cross-sectional results from the CDS study in Ghana and C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. PLoS One 7:e48396. doi:\n10.1371\/journal.pone.0048396","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"768_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.8.1231","volume":"89","author":"SJ Blumberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blumberg SJ, Bialostosky K, Hamilton WL, Briefel RR (1999) The effectiveness of a short form of the Household Food Security Scale. Am J Public Health 89:1231\u20131234. doi:\n10.2105\/AJPH.89.8.1231","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"768_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01360.x","volume":"15","author":"TS Brugha","year":"1985","unstructured":"Brugha TS, Bebbington P, Tennant C, Hurry J (1985) The List of Threatening Experiences: a subset of 12 life even categories with considerable long-term contextual threat. Psychol Med 15:189\u2013194. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01360.x","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"768_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.09.002","volume":"49","author":"B Bruwer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bruwer B, Emsley R, Kidd M et al (2008) Psychometric properties of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support in youth. Compr Psychiatry 49:195\u2013201. doi:\n10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.09.002","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR11","unstructured":"Chen X, Ender P, Mitchell M, Wells C (2003) Regression with Stata, from \nhttps:\/\/stats.idre.ucla.edu\/stat\/stata\/webbooks\/reg\/default.htm"},{"key":"768_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-97","volume":"14","author":"KW Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi KW, Abler LA, Watt MH et al (2014) Drinking before and after pregnancy recognition among South African women: the moderating role of traumatic experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 14:97. doi:\n10.1186\/1471-2393-14-97","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"768_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0501-8","volume":"18","author":"KW Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi KW, Sikkema KJ, Velloza J et al (2015) Maladaptive coping mediates the influence of childhood trauma on depression and PTSD among pregnant women in South Africa. Arch Womens Ment Health 18:731\u2013738. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-015-0501-8","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"768_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.08.002","volume":"129","author":"HF Coelho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coelho HF, Murray L, Royal-lawson M, Cooper PJ (2011) Antenatal anxiety disorder as a predictor of postnatal depression: a longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 129:348\u2013353. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2010.08.002","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR15","unstructured":"Crimestatssa.com Crime statistics: Phillipi precinct 2015. In: [Online]. Available: \nhttp:\/\/crimestatssa.com"},{"key":"768_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16:297\u2013334","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"768_CR17","first-page":"225","volume-title":"South African social attitudes","author":"A Dawes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dawes A, de Sas KZ, Kafaar Z, Richter L (2006) Partner violence. In: Pillay U, Roberts B, Rule S (eds) South African social attitudes. HSRC Press, Cape Town, pp 225\u2013251"},{"key":"768_CR18","unstructured":"Day C, Gray A (2013) Health and related indicators. South African Heal Rev. 207\u2013329"},{"key":"768_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.11.036","volume":"155","author":"J Dayan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dayan J, Creveuil C, Herlicoviez M et al (2002) Role of anxiety and depression in the onset of spontaneous preterm labor. Am J Epidemiol 155:293\u2013301. doi:\n10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.11.036","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"768_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.0495.2624","volume":"23","author":"MO Fonseca-Machado de","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Fonseca-Machado MO, Monteiro JCDS, Haas VJ et al (2015) Intimate partner violence and anxiety disorders in pregnancy: the importance of vocational training of the nursing staff in facing them. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 23:855\u2013864. doi:\n10.1590\/0104-1169.0495.2624","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"key":"768_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dewing S, Tomlinson M, le Roux I, et al. (2013) Food insecurity and its association with co-occurring postnatal depression, hazardous drinking, and suicidality among women in peri-urban South Africa. J Affect Disord 1\u20136. doi: \n10.1016\/j.jad.2013.04.040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.04.040"},{"key":"768_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13545701.2014.895021","volume":"20","author":"C Doss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doss C, Summerfield G, Tsikata D (2014) Land, gender, and food security. Fem Econ 20:1\u201323","journal-title":"Fem Econ"},{"key":"768_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh194","volume":"160","author":"KL Dunkle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC et al (2004) Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa. Am J Epidemiol 160:230\u2013239. doi:\n10.1093\/aje\/kwh194","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"768_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9438-7","volume":"37","author":"LA Eaton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eaton LA, Kalichman SC, Sikkema KJ et al (2012) Pregnancy, alcohol intake, and intimate partner violence among men and women attending drinking establishments in a Cape Town, South Africa township. J Community Health 37:208\u2013216. doi:\n10.1007\/s10900-011-9438-7","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"768_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-013-0386-6","volume":"15","author":"LA Eaton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eaton LA, Pitpitan EV, Kalichman SC et al (2014) Food insecurity and alcohol use among pregnant women at alcohol-serving establishments in South Africa. Prev Sci 15:309\u2013317. doi:\n10.1007\/s11121-013-0386-6","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"768_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12036","volume":"5","author":"A Fadzil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fadzil A, Balakrishnan K, Razali R et al (2013) Risk factors for depression and anxiety among pregnant women in Hospital Tuanku Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 5(Suppl 1):7\u201313. doi:\n10.1111\/appy.12036","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0164-6","volume":"10","author":"A Faisal-Cury","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faisal-Cury A, Rossi Menezes P (2007) Prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy in a private setting sample. Arch Womens Ment Health 10:25\u201332. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-006-0164-6","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"768_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2009.10.004","volume":"33","author":"T Field","year":"2010","unstructured":"Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M et al (2010) Comorbid depression and anxiety effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Infant Behav Dev 33:23\u201329. doi:\n10.1016\/j.infbeh.2009.10.004","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"key":"768_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.091850","volume":"90","author":"J Fisher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fisher J, De Mello C, Patel V et al (2012) Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 90:139\u2013149. doi:\n10.2471\/BLT.11.091850","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"768_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510390960","volume":"26","author":"JD Gass","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gass JD, Stein DJ, Williams DR, Seedat S (2011) Gender differences in risk for intimate partner violence among South African adults. J Interpers Violence 26:2764\u20132789. doi:\n10.1177\/0886260510390960","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"768_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1153","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09035","volume":"75","author":"JH Goodman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodman JH, Chenausky KL, Freeman MP (2014) Anxiety disorders during pregnancy: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry 75:e1153\u2013e1184. doi:\n10.4088\/JCP.14r09035","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111.A","volume":"67","author":"NK Grote","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grote NK, Bridge JA, Gavin AR et al (2010) A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:1012\u20131024. doi:\n10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111.A","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.068460","volume":"62","author":"C Hadley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hadley C, Tegegn A, Tessema F et al (2008) Food insecurity, stressful life events and symptoms of anxiety and depression in east Africa: evidence from the Gilgel Gibe growth and development study. J Epidemiol Community Health 62:980\u2013986. doi:\n10.1136\/jech.2007.068460","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"768_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02198.x","volume":"14","author":"C Hanlon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hanlon C, Medhin G, Alem A et al (2009) Impact of antenatal common mental disorders upon perinatal outcomes in Ethiopia: the P-MaMiE population-based cohort study. Trop Med Int Heal 14:156\u2013166. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02198.x","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"768_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-8-9","volume":"8","author":"M Hartley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hartley M, Tomlinson M, Greco E et al (2011) Depressed mood in pregnancy: prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements. Reprod Health 8:9. doi:\n10.1186\/1742-4755-8-9","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"768_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhs033","volume":"27","author":"DD Headey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headey DD (2013) The impact of the global food crisis on self-assessed food security. World Bank Econ Rev 27:1\u201327. doi:\n10.1093\/wber\/lhs033","journal-title":"World Bank Econ Rev"},{"key":"768_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30148-1","volume":"3","author":"CM Herba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herba CM, Glover V, Ramchandani PG, Rondon MB (2016) Maternal depression and mental health in early childhood: an examination of underlying mechanisms in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Psychiatry 3:983\u2013992. doi:\n10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30148-1","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.08.004","volume":"80","author":"J Heron","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heron J, O\u2019Connor TG, Evans J et al (2004) The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. J Affect Disord 80:65\u201373. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2003.08.004","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR39","unstructured":"Herrman H, Saxena S, Moodie R, Geneva, WHO (2005) Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging Evidence, Practice. A Report from the World Health Organisation, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) and The University of Melbourne. Geneva: WHO"},{"key":"768_CR40","first-page":"926","volume":"82","author":"KP Hirst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hirst KP, Moutier CY (2010) Postpartum major depression. Am Fam Physician 82:926\u2013933","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"768_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Honikman S, van Heyningen T, Field S et al (2012) Stepped care for maternal mental health: a case study of the perinatal mental health project in South Africa. PLoS Med. doi:\n10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001222"},{"key":"768_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61276-9","volume":"384","author":"LM Howard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howard LM, Molyneaux E, Dennis C-L et al (2014) Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period. Lancet 384:1775\u20131788. doi:\n10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61276-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"768_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012617.1","volume":"94","author":"LC Ivers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ivers LC, Cullen KA (2011) Food insecurity: special considerations for women. Am J Clin Nutr 94:1740\u20131744. doi:\n10.3945\/ajcn.111.012617.1","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"768_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00242-8","volume":"55","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Abrahams N (2002) The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview. Soc Sci Med 55:1231\u20131244. doi:\n10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00242-8","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"768_CR45","first-page":"421","volume":"91","author":"R Jewkes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jewkes R, Penn-Kekana L, Levin J et al (2001) Prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of women in three South African provinces. S Afr Med J 91:421\u2013428","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"768_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.4.373","volume":"178","author":"D Kaminer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaminer D (2001) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa: relation to psychiatric status and forgiveness among survivors of human rights abuses. Br J Psychiatry 178:373\u2013377. doi:\n10.1192\/bjp.178.4.373","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kastello JC, Jacobsen KH, Gaffney KF et al (2015) Posttraumatic stress disorder among low-income women exposed to perinatal intimate partner violence. Arch Womens Ment Health. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-015-0594-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0594-0"},{"key":"768_CR48","first-page":"487","volume":"95","author":"T Kurki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kurki T, Hiilesmaa V, Raitasalo R et al (2000) Depression and anxiety in early pregnancy and risk for preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 95:487\u2013490","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"768_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.042","volume":"196","author":"HL Littleton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Littleton HL, Breitkopf CR, Berenson AB (2007) Correlates of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and association with perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196:424\u2013432. doi:\n10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.042","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"768_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.027","volume":"71","author":"C Lund","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lund C, Breen A, Flisher AJ et al (2010) Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med 71:517\u2013528. doi:\n10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.027","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"768_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mahenge B, Likindikoki S, St\u00f6ckl H, Mbwambo J (2013) Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and associated mental health symptoms among pregnant women in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BJOG an Int J Obstet Gynaecol:1\u20138. doi:\n10.1111\/1471-0528.12185","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12185"},{"key":"768_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matthey S, Ross-Hamid C (2012) Repeat testing on the Edinburgh Depression Scale and the HADS-A in pregnancy: differentiating between transient and enduring distress. J Affect Disord:1\u20139. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.037"},{"key":"768_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00012-5","volume":"74","author":"S Matthey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matthey S, Barnett B, Howie P, Kavanagh DJ (2003) Diagnosing postpartum depression in mothers and fathers: whatever happened to anxiety? J Affect Disord 74:139\u2013147. doi:\n10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00012-5","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","volume":"108","author":"J Milgrom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL et al (2008) Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord 108:147\u2013157. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500405","volume":"55","author":"S Misri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Misri S, Kendrick K, Oberlander TF et al (2010) Antenatal depression and anxiety affect postpartum parenting stress: a longitudinal, prospective study. Can J Psychiatr 55:222\u2013228","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"768_CR56","unstructured":"Moultrie A (2004) Indigenous trauma volunteers: survivors with a mission. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science (Clinical Psychology). Department of Psychology Rhodes University Grahamstown. January, 2004"},{"key":"768_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00075-0","volume":"70","author":"EJH Mulder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mulder EJH, Robles De Medina PG, Huizink AC et al (2002) Prenatal maternal stress: effects on pregnancy and the (unborn) child. Early Hum Dev 70:3\u201314. doi:\n10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00075-0","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"768_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdg028","volume":"25","author":"L Murray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murray L, Woolgar M, Murray J, Cooper P (2003) Self-exclusion from health care in women at high risk for postpartum depression. J Public Health Med 25:131\u2013137","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"key":"768_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2013.06.005","volume":"21","author":"LK Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray LK, Dorsey S, Haroz E et al (2014) A common elements treatment approach for adult mental health problems in low- and middle-income countries. Cogn Behav Pr 21:111\u2013123. doi:\n10.1016\/j.cbpra.2013.06.005","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Pr"},{"key":"768_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067860","volume":"8","author":"S Muthayya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muthayya S, Rah JH, Sugimoto JD et al (2013) The global hidden hunger indices and maps: an advocacy tool for action. PLoS One 8:1\u201312. doi:\n10.1371\/journal.pone.0067860","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"768_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muzik M, Bocknek EL, Broderick A, Richardson P Rosenblum KL, Thelen K, Seng JS (2012) Mother-infant bonding impairment across the first 6 months postpartum: the primacy of psychopathology in women with childhood abuse and neglect histories. Arch Womens Ment Health. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-012-0312-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-012-0312-0"},{"key":"768_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0102","volume":"22","author":"L Myer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Myer L, Smit J, Le Roux L et al (2008a) Common mental disorders among HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS Patient Care STDs 22:147\u2013158. doi:\n10.1089\/apc.2007.0102","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"768_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.025","volume":"66","author":"L Myer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Myer L, Stein DJ, Grimsrud A et al (2008b) Social determinants of psychological distress in a nationally-representative sample of South African adults. Soc Sci Med 66:1828\u20131840. doi:\n10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.025","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"768_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nasreen H-E, Kabir ZN, Forsell Y, Edhborg M (2010) Low birth weight in offspring of women with depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: results from a population based study in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health. doi:\n10.1186\/1471-2458-10-515","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-515"},{"key":"768_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nayak MB, Patel V, Bond JC, Greenfield TK (2010) Partner alcohol use, violence and women\u2019s mental health: population-based survey in India. Br J Psychiatry:192\u2013199. doi:\n10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.068049","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.068049"},{"key":"768_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.6.502","volume":"180","author":"TG O\u2019Connor","year":"2002","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor TG, Heron J, Golding J et al (2002) Maternal antenatal anxiety and children\u2019s behavioural\/emotional problems at 4 years. Br J Psychiatry 180:502\u2013508","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-016-0070-x","volume":"10","author":"MN Onah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Onah MN, Field S, van Heyningen T, Honikman S (2016) Predictors of alcohol and other drug use among pregnant women in a peri-urban South African setting. Int J Ment Health Syst 10:38. doi:\n10.1186\/s13033-016-0070-x","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"768_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009","volume":"54","author":"KM Reid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reid KM, Taylor MG (2015) Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: a comparison of supportive relationships. Soc Sci Res 54:246\u2013262. doi:\n10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"768_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0145-5","volume":"10","author":"BS Russell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russell BS, Eaton LA, Petersen-Williams P (2013) Intersecting epidemics among pregnant women: alcohol use, interpersonal violence, and hiv infection in South Africa. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep 10:103\u2013110. doi:\n10.1007\/s11904-012-0145-5","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"768_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.027","volume":"123","author":"A Sawyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sawyer A, Ayers S, Smith H (2010) Pre- and postnatal psychological wellbeing in Africa: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 123:17\u201329. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.027","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-015-0122-z","volume":"11","author":"F Scorgie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scorgie F, Blaauw D, Dooms T et al (2015) \u201cI get hungry all the time\u201d: experiences of poverty and pregnancy in an urban healthcare setting in South Africa. Glob Health 11:37. doi:\n10.1186\/s12992-015-0122-z","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"768_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17591","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017591","volume":"6","author":"S Shamu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shamu S, Abrahams N, Temmerman M et al (2011) A systematic review of African studies on intimate partner violence against pregnant women: prevalence and risk factors. PLoS One 6:e17591. doi:\n10.1371\/journal.pone.0017591","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"768_CR73","first-page":"22","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH et al (1998) The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 59:22\u201333","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1200","volume":"19","author":"O Shisana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shisana O, Rice K, Zungu N, Zuma K (2010) Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV\/AIDS: a quantitative study. J Women\u2019s Heal 19:39\u201346. doi:\n10.1089\/jwh.2008.1200","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Heal"},{"key":"768_CR75","unstructured":"Shisana O, Simbayi LC, Rehle T, Zungu NP, Zuma K, Ngogo N, Jooste S, Pillay-van-Wyk V, Parker W, Pezi S, Davids A, Nwanyanwu O, Dinh TH, SABSSM III ImplementationTeam (2008) South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2008: The Health of Our Children. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Press, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"key":"768_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith MV, Rosenheck RA, Cavaleri MA, Howell HB, Poschman K, Yonkers K (2004) Screening for and detection of depression, panic disorder, and PTSD in public-sector obstetric clinics. Psychiatr Serv 55(4):407\u2013414","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.4.407"},{"key":"768_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.091462","volume":"65","author":"K Sorsdahl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sorsdahl K, Slopen N, Siefert K et al (2011) Household food insufficiency and mental health in South Africa. J Epidemiol Community Health 65:426\u2013431. doi:\n10.1136\/jech.2009.091462","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"768_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-009-0050-0","volume":"12","author":"G Spies","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spies G, Stein D, Roos A et al (2009) Validity of the Kessler 10 (K-10) in detecting DSM-IV defined mood and anxiety disorders among pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health 12:69\u201374. doi:\n10.1007\/s00737-009-0050-0","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"768_CR79","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa (2013) City of Cape Town\u20142011 Census\u2014Ward 047. Cape Town, South Africa. \nhttp:\/\/www.capetown.gov.za\/en\/stats\/Documents\/2011Census\/Wards\/2011_Census_CT_Ward_047_Profile.pdf"},{"key":"768_CR80","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa (2015) Methodological report on rebasing of national poverty lines and development on pilot provincial poverty lines\u2013Technical Report. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 26pp"},{"key":"768_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x","volume":"48","author":"NM Talge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Talge NM, Neal C, Glover V (2007) Antenatal maternal stress and long-term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:245\u2013261. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"768_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.03.005","volume":"119","author":"C Teixeira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teixeira C, Figueiredo B, Conde A et al (2009) Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in women and men. J Affect Disord 119:142\u2013148. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2009.03.005","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.020","volume":"122","author":"M Tesfaye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tesfaye M, Hanlon C, Wondimagegn D, Alem A (2010) Detecting postnatal common mental disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Kessler Scales. J Affect Disord 122:102\u2013108. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-84","volume":"9","author":"ZC Troeman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Troeman ZC, Spies G, Cherner M et al (2011) Impact of childhood trauma on functionality and quality of life in HIV-infected women. Health Qual Life Outcomes 9:84. doi:\n10.1186\/1477-7525-9-84","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"768_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.02.033","volume":"74","author":"AC Tsai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Frongillo EA et al (2012) Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV\/AIDS in rural Uganda. Soc Sci Med 74:2012\u20132019. doi:\n10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.02.033","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"768_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uguz F, Onder E, Sahingoz M et al (2013) Maternal generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy and fetal brain development: a comparative study on cord blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. J Psychosom Res. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.04.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2013.04.010"},{"key":"768_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007","volume":"29","author":"BRH Bergh Van Den","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Den Bergh BRH, Mulder EJH, Mennes M, Glover V (2005) Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: links and possible mechanisms. A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:237\u2013258. doi:\n10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"768_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.052","volume":"203","author":"T Heyningen van","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Heyningen T, Myer L, Onah M et al (2016) Antenatal depression and adversity in urban South Africa. J Affect Disord 203:121\u2013129. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.052","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"768_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90016-C","volume":"169","author":"PD Wadhwa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wadhwa PD, Sandman CA, Porto M et al (1993) The association between prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age at birth: a prospective investigation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169:858\u2013865. doi:\n10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90016-C","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"768_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e859","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0239","volume":"118","author":"RC Whitaker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitaker RC, Phillips SM, Orzol SM (2006) Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 118:e859\u2013e868. doi:\n10.1542\/peds.2006-0239","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"768_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2","volume":"52","author":"GD Zimet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK (1988) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess 52:30\u201341","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"}],"container-title":["Archives of Women's Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T03:24:24Z","timestamp":1510802664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-017-0768-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1816","1435-1102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1816","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]}}}