{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T08:45:04Z","timestamp":1743583504324},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Womens Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti-N-methyl-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune synaptic encephalitis likely mediated by neuronal surface antibody. Clinically, it is characterized by a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, predominantly affecting young women. Recurrent anti-NMDAR cases combined with double-antibody positive during pregnancy have not been reported. We report a 19-year-old pregnant woman with recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis and double-antibody positive. Through our case report and a review of the literature, we hope to heighten an awareness of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, particularly in a pregnant setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1617973361000},"page":"1045-1050","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis during pregnancy combined with two antibodies positive"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000039","volume":"1","author":"H Alexopoulos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alexopoulos H, Dagklis IE, Akrivou S, Bostantjopoulou S, Dalakas MC (2014) Autoimmune encephalitis with GABAB antibodies, thymoma, and GABAB receptor thymic expression. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 1:e39","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"1124_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000087","volume":"27","author":"T Armangue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Armangue T, Leypoldt F, Dalmau J (2014) Autoimmune encephalitis as differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis. Curr Opin Neurol 27:361\u2013368","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13206","volume":"508","author":"DW Bellott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellott DW, Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Brown LG, Pyntikova T, Cho TJ, Koutseva N, Zaghlul S, Graves T, Rock S, Kremitzki C, Fulton RS, Dugan S, Ding Y, Morton D, Khan Z, Lewis L, Buhay C, Wang Q, Watt J, Holder M, Lee S, Nazareth L, Alf\u00f6ldi J, Rozen S, Muzny DM, Warren WC, Gibbs RA, Wilson RK, Page DC (2014) Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators. Nature 508:494\u2013499","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1124_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"J287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.11.015","volume":"34","author":"AT Borchers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borchers AT, Naguwa SM, Keen CL, Gershwin ME (2010) The implications of autoimmunity and pregnancy. J Autoimmun 34:J287\u2013J299","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"1124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi008","volume":"11","author":"A Bouman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bouman A, Heineman MJ, Faas MM (2005) Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update 11:411\u2013423","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"1124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, Rossi JE, Peng X, Lai M, Dessain SK, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Lynch DR (2008) Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 7:1091\u20131098","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70253-2","volume":"10","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R (2011) Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 10:63\u201374","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21756","volume":"66","author":"NR Florance","year":"2009","unstructured":"Florance NR, Davis RL, Lam C, Szperka C, Zhou L, Ahmad S, Campen CJ, Moss H, Peter N, Gleichman AJ, Glaser CA, Lynch DR, Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J (2009) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents. Ann Neurol 66:11\u201318","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19030228","volume":"177","author":"M Fornaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fornaro M, Maritan E, Ferranti R, Zaninotto L, Miola A, Anastasia A, Murru A, Sol\u00e9 E, Stubbs B, Carvalho AF, Serretti A, Vieta E, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P, Young AH, Dazzan P, Vigod SN, Correll CU, Solmi M (2020) Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy Outcomes. Am J Psychiatry 177:76\u201392","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102611","volume":"47","author":"J Fujimori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fujimori J, Takahashi T, Kaneko K, Atobe Y, Nakashima I (2020) Anti-NMDAR encephalitis may develop concurrently with anti-MOG antibody-associated bilateral medial frontal cerebral cortical encephalitis and relapse with elevated CSF IL-6 and CXCL13. Mult Scler Relat Disord 47:102611","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"1124_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2019.1573260","volume":"24","author":"M Funayama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Funayama M, Mizushima J, Takata T, Koreki A, Mimura M (2018) Altered perception might be a symptom of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Neurocase 24:255\u2013258","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"1124_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a9585f","volume":"81","author":"R H\u00f6ftberger","year":"2013","unstructured":"H\u00f6ftberger R, Titulaer MJ, Sabater L, Dome B, R\u00f3zs\u00e1s A, Hegedus B, Hoda MA, Laszlo V, Ankersmit HJ, Harms L, Boyero S, de Felipe A, Saiz A, Dalmau J, Graus F (2013) Encephalitis and GABAB receptor antibodies: novel findings in a new case series of 20 patients. Neurology 81:1500\u20131506","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001682","volume":"84","author":"R H\u00f6ftberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"H\u00f6ftberger R, van Sonderen A, Leypoldt F, Houghton D, Geschwind M, Gelfand J, Paredes M, Sabater L, Saiz A, Titulaer MJ, Graus F, Dalmau J (2015) Encephalitis and AMPA receptor antibodies: Novel findings in a case series of 22 patients. Neurology 84:2403\u20132412","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joubert B, Garc\u00eda-Serra A, Planagum\u00e0 J, Mart\u00ednez-Hernandez E, Kraft A, Palm F, Iizuka T, Honnorat J, Leypoldt F, Graus F, Dalmau J (2020) Pregnancy outcomes in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: case series. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7(3):e668","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000668"},{"key":"1124_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5086","volume":"38","author":"BP Kelley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelley BP, Patel SC, Marin HL, Corrigan JJ, Mitsias PD, Griffith B (2017) Autoimmune Encephalitis: Pathophysiology and Imaging Review of an Overlooked Diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38:1070\u20131078","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.16010","volume":"6","author":"SK Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SK, Lee ST (2016) The Laboratory Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis. J Epilepsy Res 6:45\u201350","journal-title":"J Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"1124_CR17","first-page":"351","volume":"39","author":"J Masopust","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masopust J, Tvaroh A, Pavelek Z, Valis M (2018) Encephalitis with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies: paraneoplastic or non-paraneoplastic? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 39:351\u2013354","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"1124_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6561-z","volume":"259","author":"A McCarthy","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCarthy A, Dineen J, McKenna P, Keogan M, Sheehan J, Lynch T, O\u2019Rourke K (2012) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with associated catatonia during pregnancy. J Neurol 259:2632\u20132635","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x","volume":"63","author":"G Mor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mor G, Cardenas I (2010) The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. Am J Reprod Immunol 63:425\u2013433","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"1124_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.013","volume":"11","author":"M \u00d8stensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00d8stensen M, Villiger PM, F\u00f6rger F (2012) Interaction of pregnancy and autoimmune rheumatic disease. Autoimmun Rev 11:A437\u2013A446","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.030","volume":"82","author":"MP Parsons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parsons MP, Raymond LA (2014) Extrasynaptic NMDA receptor involvement in central nervous system disorders. Neuron 82:279\u2013293","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1124_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.03.001","volume":"11","author":"HE Peery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peery HE, Day GS, Dunn S, Fritzler MJ, Pr\u00fcss H, De Souza C, Doja A, Mossman K, Resch L, Xia C, Sakic B, Belbeck L, Foster WG (2012) Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The disorder, the diagnosis and the immunobiology. Autoimmun Rev 11:863\u2013872","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1124_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0959-y","volume":"45","author":"F Schein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schein F, Gagneux-Brunon A, Antoine JC, Lavernhe S, Pillet S, Paul S, Fr\u00e9sard A, Boutet C, Grange R, Cazorla C, Lucht F, Botelho-Nevers E (2017) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis after Herpes simplex virus-associated encephalitis: an emerging disease with diagnosis and therapeutic challenges. Infection 45:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"1124_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642015dn93000016","volume":"9","author":"MM Simabukuro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simabukuro MM, Freitas CHA, Castro LHM (2015) A patient with a long history of relapsing psychosis and mania presenting with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis ten years after first episode. Dement Neuropsychol 9:311\u2013314","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1124_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9958-3","volume":"35","author":"K Skowro\u0144ska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skowro\u0144ska K, Obara-Michlewska M, Czarnecka A, D\u0105browska K, Zieli\u0144ska M, Albrecht J (2019) Persistent Overexposure to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Calcium-Dependently Downregulates Glutamine Synthetase, Aquaporin 4, and Kir4.1 Channel in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes. Neurotox Res 35:271\u2013280","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"1124_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2018.1555376","volume":"21","author":"J Steiner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steiner J, Pr\u00fcss H, K\u00f6hler S, Frodl T, Hasan A, Falkai P (2020) Autoimmune encephalitis with psychosis: Warning signs, step-by-step diagnostics and treatment. World J Biol Psychiatry 21:241\u2013254","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.07.008","volume":"35","author":"S Tao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tao S, Zhang Y, Ye H, Guo D (2019) AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) coexisting with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis: A case report and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 35:185\u2013192","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"1124_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","volume":"12","author":"MJ Titulaer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, Armangu\u00e9 T, Glaser C, Iizuka T, Honig LS, Benseler SM, Kawachi I, Martinez-Hernandez E, Aguilar E, Gresa-Arribas N, Ryan-Florance N, Torrents A, Saiz A, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R, Graus F, Dalmau J (2013) Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 12:157\u2013165","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1124_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-149","volume":"11","author":"CL Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu CL, Liu L, Zhao WQ, Li JM, Wang RJ, Wang SH, Wang DX, Liu MY, Qiao SS, Wang JW (2011) Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis with serum anti-thyroid antibodies and IgM antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen: a case report and one year follow-up. BMC Neurol 11:149","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Women's Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T05:03:43Z","timestamp":1636607023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-021-01124-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1816","1435-1102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1816","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"It was approved by clinical Trial Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University(KY209233).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent of the patient is required for the publication of case reports and associated images.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This report is not presented anywhere in any form.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}