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Women\u2019s reproductive years are associated with increased susceptibility to recurrence of both conditions, suggesting a potential role of sex hormones in aetiology. We examined associations between comorbid migraine and clinical features of MDD in women, including relationships with lifetime reproductive events such as childbirth. Lifetime clinical characteristics and reproductive events in a well-characterised sample of 222 UK women with recurrent MDD, with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200998) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009124) migraine were compared. Women had all been recruited as part of a UK-based ongoing programme of research into the genetic and non-genetic determinants of mood disorders. Multivariate analysis showed a specific association between the lifetime presence of migraine and postpartum depression (PPD) within 6\u00a0weeks of delivery (OR\u2009=\u20092.555; 95% CI: 1.037\u20136.295, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041). This association did not extend to a broader definition of PPD with onset up to 6\u00a0months postpartum. All other factors included in the analysis were not significantly associated with the presence of migraine: family history of depression, younger age at depression onset, history of suicide attempt and severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The finding that women with MDD and comorbid migraine may be particularly sensitive to hormonal changes early in the postpartum period leads to aetiological hypotheses and suggests this group may be useful for future studies attempting to characterise PPD and MDD phenotypes. The refinement of such phenotypes has implications for individualising risk and treatment and for future biological and genetic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-021-01131-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T09:19:19Z","timestamp":1618996759000},"page":"949-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Migraine associated with early onset postpartum depression in women with major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4083-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Gordon-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ridley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9381-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Craddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5821-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S25320","volume":"9","author":"G Anderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson G, Maes M (2013) Postpartum depression: psychoneuroimmunological underpinnings and treatment. 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