{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:40:24Z","timestamp":1789000824757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Womens Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:02:36Z","timestamp":1661817756000},"page":"995-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A longitudinal investigation of the influence of psychological factors on nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kanako","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7992-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideya","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.030","volume":"35","author":"H Azward","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azward H, Ramadhany S, Pelupessy N, Usman AN, Bara FT (2021) Prenatal yoga exercise improves sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnant women. Gac Sanit 35(Suppl 2):S258\u2013S262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.030","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"issue":"11","key":"1262_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166133","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166133.eCollection","volume":"11","author":"G Bai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bai G, Korfage IJ, Groen EH, Jaddoe VW, Mautner E, Raat H (2016) Associations between Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life of Women in Early Pregnancy: The Generation R Study. PLoS One 11(11):e0166133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166133.eCollection","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.170320","volume":"50","author":"F Beyazit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beyazit F, Sahin B (2018) Effect of Nausea and Vomiting on Anxiety and Depression Levels in Early Pregnancy. Eurasian J Med 50(2):111\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.170320","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1262_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E245","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v34i4.15367","volume":"34","author":"P Bozzo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bozzo P, Einarson TR, Koren G, Einarson A (2011) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and depression: cause or effect? Clin Invest Med 34(4):E245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25011\/cim.v34i4.15367","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Underst","key":"1262_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S210","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122600","volume":"186","author":"JG Buckwalter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buckwalter JG, Simpson SW (2002) Psychological factors in the etiology and treatment of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5 Suppl Understanding):S210-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.122600","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1262_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.05.002","volume":"202","author":"M Bustos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bustos M, Venkataramanan R, Caritis S (2017) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy - What\u2019s new? Auton Neurosci 202:62\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.05.002","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1262_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq260","volume":"25","author":"RL Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan RL, Olshan AF, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Daniels JL, Peterson HB, Martin SL (2010) Severity and duration of nausea and vomiting symptoms in pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 25(11):2907\u20132912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deq260","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00119.x","volume":"35","author":"FH Chou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chou FH, Lin LL, Cooney AT, Walker LO, Riggs MW (2003) Psychosocial factors related to nausea, vomiting, and fatigue in early pregnancy. J Nurs Scholarsh 35(2):119\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00119.x","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"1262_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.08.016","volume":"158","author":"A Clamor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clamor A, Ludwig L, Lincoln TM (2020) Heart rate variability as an index of emotion (dys)regulation in psychosis? Int J Psychophysiol 158:310\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.08.016","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718004105","volume":"50","author":"GWF Dekkers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dekkers GWF, Broeren MAC, Truijens SEM, Kop WJ, Pop VJM (2020) Hormonal and psychological factors in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Psychol Med 50(2):229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718004105","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.galenos.2021.05994","volume":"18","author":"B Elmas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elmas B, Vatansever M, Civan Kahve A, Salman \u00d6zg\u00fc B, Asut G, \u00c7akmak IB, Bestel A, Erkaya S (2021) Evaluation of psychological resilience and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosis and comparison with healthy pregnant women. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 18(2):115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/tjod.galenos.2021.05994","journal-title":"Turk J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2813-6","volume":"20","author":"RK Ertmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ertmann RK, Nicolaisdottir DR, Kragstrup J, Siersma V, Lutterodt MC (2020) Sleep complaints in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study among women attending prenatal care in general practice. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20(1):123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-2813-6","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"12","key":"1262_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev248","volume":"30","author":"M Faramarzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faramarzi M, Yazdani S, Barat S (2015) A RCT of psychotherapy in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Hum Reprod 30(12):2764\u20132773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dev248","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2014","key":"1262_CR14","first-page":"1405","volume":"19","author":"M Festin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Festin M (2014) Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. BMJ Clin Evid 19(2014):1405","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700021644","volume":"9","author":"DP Goldberg","year":"1979","unstructured":"Goldberg DP, Hillier VF (1979) A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med 9(1):139\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700021644","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Underst","key":"1262_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S184","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122592","volume":"186","author":"TM Goodwin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goodwin TM (2002) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an obstetric syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5 Suppl Understanding):S184-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.122592","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1249-0","volume":"17","author":"K Heitmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Havnen GC, Solheimsnes A, Holst L (2017) The burden of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: severe impacts on quality of life, daily life functioning and willingness to become pregnant again - results from a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17(1):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-017-1249-0","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33197-1","volume":"8","author":"SI Iliadis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iliadis SI, Axfors C, Johansson S, Skalkidou A, Mulic-Lutvica A (2018) Women with prolonged nausea in pregnancy have increased risk for depressive symptoms postpartum. Sci Rep 8(1):15796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-33197-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1262_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_153_20.eCollection","volume":"9","author":"Y Janjhua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janjhua Y, Chaudhary R, Sharma N, Kumar K (2020) A study on effect of yoga on emotional regulation, self-esteem, and feelings of adolescents. J Family Med Prim Care 9(7):3381\u20133386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_153_20.eCollection","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1262_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.10.016","volume":"64","author":"M Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark M, Lindblom K (2008) A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. J Psychosom Res 64(4):443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.10.016","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820701733697","volume":"29","author":"G K\u00f6ken","year":"2008","unstructured":"K\u00f6ken G, Yilmazer M, Cosar E, Sahin FK, Cevrioglu S, Gecici O (2008) Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: relationship with anxiety and depression. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 29(2):91\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01674820701733697","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3182748489","volume":"38","author":"J Kramer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kramer J, Bowen A, Stewart N, Muhajarine N (2013) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity and relation to psychosocial health. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 38(1):21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3182748489","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1262_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-014-9259-4.PMID","volume":"39","author":"N Kudo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kudo N, Shinohara H, Kodama H (2014) Heart rate variability biofeedback intervention for reduction of psychological stress during the early postpartum period. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 39(3\u20134):203\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-014-9259-4.PMID","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2087-4","volume":"18","author":"N Lagadec","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lagadec N, Steinecker M, Kapassi A, Magnier AM, Chastang J, Robert S, Gaouaou N, Ibanez G (2018) Factors influencing the quality of life of pregnant women: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18(1):455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-018-2087-4","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2","volume":"21","author":"L Laitinen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laitinen L, Nurmi M, Rautava P, Koivisto M, Polo-Kantola P (2021) Sleep quality in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21(1):152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03639-2","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"1262_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00756","volume":"5","author":"PM Lehrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehrer PM, Gevirtz R (2014) Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? Front Psychol 5:756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00756","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1262_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000477853","volume":"100","author":"V London","year":"2017","unstructured":"London V, Grube S, Sherer DM, Abulafia O (2017) Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Review of Recent Literature. Pharmacology 100(3\u20134):161\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000477853","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"1262_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007575","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007575.pub4","volume":"9","author":"A Matthews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matthews A, Haas DM, O\u2019Math\u00fana DP, Dowswell T (2015) Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD007575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007575.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000703","volume":"20","author":"K McRae","year":"2020","unstructured":"McRae K, Gross JJ (2020) Emotion regulation. Emotion 20(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0000703","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"1262_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.006","volume":"16","author":"JA Mindell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mindell JA, Cook RA, Nikolovski J (2015) Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances across pregnancy. Sleep Med 16(4):483\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"1262_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2020.1734792","volume":"4","author":"SMJ Muchanga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muchanga SMJ, Eitoku M, Mbelambela EP, Ninomiya H, Iiyama T, Komori K, Yasumitsu-Lovell K, Mitsuda N, Tozin RR, Maeda N, Fujieda M, Suganuma N, Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study Group (2020) Association between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and postpartum depression: the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 4:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0167482X.2020.1734792","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-018-9389-1","volume":"43","author":"Y Narita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Narita Y, Shinohara H, Kodama H (2018) Resting Heart Rate Variability and the Effects of Biofeedback Intervention in Women with Low-Risk Pregnancy and Prenatal Childbirth Fear. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 43(2):113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-018-9389-1","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"issue":"5","key":"1262_CR33","first-page":"889","volume":"26","author":"VA Rhodes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rhodes VA, McDaniel RW (1999) The Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching: a new format of the lndex of Nausea and Vomiting. Oncol Nurs Forum 26(5):889\u2013894","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010115577976","volume":"34","author":"KM Sheffield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheffield KM, Woods-Giscomb\u00e9 CL (2016) Efficacy, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Perinatal Yoga on Women\u2019s Mental Health and Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review. J Holist Nurs 34(1):64\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898010115577976","journal-title":"J Holist Nurs"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Underst","key":"1262_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S190","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122593","volume":"186","author":"PW Sherman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sherman PW, Flaxman SM (2002) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in an evolutionary perspective. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5 Suppl Understanding):S190-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mob.2002.122593","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1262_CR36","unstructured":"Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1996) Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Eur Heart J 17(3):354\u201381."},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","volume":"33","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Lane RD (2009) Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: further elaboration of a model of neurovisceral integration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33(2):81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","volume":"36","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Ahs F, Fredrikson M, Sollers JJ 3rd, Wager TD (2012) A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 36(2):747\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1262_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.06.010","volume":"29","author":"E Yilmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yilmaz E, Yilmaz Z, Cakmak B, Karsli MF, Gultekin IB, Guneri Dogan N, Kara OF, Kucukozkan T (2016) Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy of Adolescents: Relationship with Depressive Symptoms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 29(1):65\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.06.010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Women's Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T08:31:40Z","timestamp":1663749100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-022-01262-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1816","1435-1102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1816","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All subjects in this study understood the nature of the study and provided their informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Akita University Graduate School of Medicine (July 19, 2019, approval number: 972). We certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, and that all methods were performed in accordance with the approved guidelines.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and\/or animals"}}]}}