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The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019. Multilevel analyses tested the associations between gender (BSRI) and personality (TIPI) and between personality and health -mental health (GHQ12) and wellbeing (MHC-SF). Cluster analysis explored tendencies of gender and personality, and each cluster showed different health patterns. Individuals with high scores in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and very high agreeableness score, as well as high femininity and masculinity scores, presented a decreased psychological morbidity (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>= \u22123.62, 0.57 (SE), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and an increased well-being (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>=7.68, 1.15 (SE), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). The most relevant indicators of mental health were identified in androgynous individuals, those individuals with high scores in masculinity and femininity, as well as high scores in extraversion, openness to experience, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-023-01385-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T17:02:16Z","timestamp":1699030936000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Personality and gender prototypes for predicting health: a multilevel and cluster analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Esteban-Gonzalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bouzas-Mosquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Esteban-Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1385_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.4.768","volume":"85","author":"AE Abele","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abele AE (2003) The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits: findings from a prospective study. 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