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We examined the distinct association of each type of distress with women\u2019s average cortisol level, cortisol awakening response (CAR), cortisol decline across the day (diurnal slope), and overall amount of cortisol secretion across the day (AUC<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At 6\u00a0months postpartum, a diverse group of 58 women completed measures of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and life stressors. Each woman provided 4 salivary samples for cortisol assay from waking to bedtime on each of 2 consecutive days. Linear regressions were used to examine associations of stress, anxiety and depression to each of the 4 cortisol measures, controlling for number of stressful life events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Depressive symptoms were associated with less of a rise in the CAR (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009-.46, p\u2009=\u20090.01), steeper diurnal slope (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.51, p\u2009=\u20090.006), and higher average cortisol level (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.42, p\u2009=\u2009.01). Women who met the clinical cutoff for an anxiety disorder had lower overall cortisol output (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009-.29, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Stress was not related to any cortisol metric.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Findings suggest that stress is less associated with cortisol alterations in the postpartum than are more severe types of psychological distress. Anxiety and depression may have distinct and opposite profiles of cortisol dysregulation. Results indicate that mental health assessment is critical even in the later postpartum so that interventions can be initiated to reduce emotional suffering and the risk of impaired cortisol regulation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-024-01421-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T08:02:45Z","timestamp":1705046565000},"page":"435-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Postpartum symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress: differential relationships to women\u2019s cortisol profiles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104558","volume":"113","author":"M Aas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aas M, Vecchio C, Pauls A, Mehta M, Williams S, Hazelgrove K, Biaggi A, Pawlby S, Conroy S, Seneviratne G, Mondelli V, Pariante CM, Dazzan P (2020) Biological stress response in women at risk of postpartum psychosis: The role of life events and inflammation. 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