{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:47:46Z","timestamp":1792176466204,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Womens Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) during pregnancy is under-researched despite growing concerns about increased alcohol use among pregnant women. This study aims to explore the severity of AWS and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic who underwent the CIWA-Ar protocol for AWS from June 2019 through June 2022. Pregnant women identified in this cohort had their pregnancy, labor, and neonatal data analyzed for alcohol-related complications and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Out of the medical records reviewed, 8 cases involved pregnant women experiencing AWS. These cases showed a high severity of withdrawal symptoms, with a median peak CIWA-Ar score of 17 (IQR\u2009=\u200914). Maternal complications included a high rate of ICU admissions (37.5%; n\u2009=\u20093) and significant rates of miscarriage and stillbirth (37.5%; n\u2009=\u20093). Fetal outcomes were concerning, with 1 out of 5 (20%) neonates requiring NICU admission and experiencing conditions such as respiratory failure and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Developmental problems were noted in 2 out of 5 (40%) newborns.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings highlight the severe implications of AWS during pregnancy, impacting both maternal and fetal health. The severity of AWS requires attentive clinical management and preventative interventions. Future research should focus on larger, prospective studies to better understand and address the risks associated with AWS in pregnant women and to improve health outcomes for mothers and their children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Article Highlights<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 Severe AWS during pregnancy leads to high ICU admissions and adverse neonatal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 37.5% of pregnant women with AWS experienced miscarriage or stillbirth.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 20% of newborns from mothers with AWS required NICU admission for serious conditions; 40% of newborns had developmental problems.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>\u2022 Findings underscore the need for specialized treatment protocols to improve outcomes for pregnant women and their newborns.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T01:15:43Z","timestamp":1731287743000},"page":"623-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Severe alcohol withdrawal during pregnancy or early postpartum: maternal and fetal outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shaun","family":"Daidone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayrunnisa","family":"Unlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Abulseoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1531_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115313","volume":"326","author":"OA Abulseoud","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abulseoud OA, Chan B, Rivera-Chiauzzi EY, Egol CJ, Nettey VN, Van Ligten MJ, Griffin TN, Aly M, Sinha S, Schneekloth TD (2023) Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive women: Prevalence and effect on outcome. Psychiatry Res 326:115313","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1531_CR2","first-page":"67","volume":"22","author":"B Adinoff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adinoff B, Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis Jd, Fisher L (1998) Disturbances of the stress response: The role of the HPA axis during alcohol withdrawal and abstinence. Alcohol Health Res World 22:67\u201372","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"1531_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666161202092908","volume":"24","author":"R Agabio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agabio R, Pisanu C, Gessa GL, Franconi F (2017) Sex differences in alcohol use disorder. Curr Med Chem 24:2661\u20132670","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"1531_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.3096","volume":"173","author":"A Agrawal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agrawal A, Rogers CE, Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Carter EB, Lenze SN, Grucza RA (2019) Alcohol, Cigarette, and Cannabis Use Between 2002 and 2016 in Pregnant Women From a Nationally Representative Sample. JAMA Pediatr 173:95\u201396","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"1531_CR5","first-page":"Cd008537","volume":"2011","author":"L Amato","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M (2011) Efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:Cd008537","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1531_CR6","first-page":"6","volume":"7","author":"F Andersohn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersohn F, Kiefer F (2004) Depressive mood and craving during alcohol withdrawal: Association and interaction. German J Psychiatry 7:6\u201311","journal-title":"German J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.02.019","volume":"77","author":"TM Badger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Badger TM, Hidestrand M, Shankar K, McGuinn WD, Ronis MJ (2005) The effects of pregnancy on ethanol clearance. Life Sci 77:2111\u20132126","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1531_CR8","first-page":"550","volume":"39","author":"NA Bailey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bailey NA, Diaz-Barbosa M (2018) \u2019Effect of Maternal Substance Abuse on the Fetus. Neonate Child\u2019, Pediatr Rev 39:550\u2013559","journal-title":"Neonate Child', Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"1531_CR9","first-page":"163","volume":"21","author":"JO Beattie","year":"1986","unstructured":"Beattie JO (1986) Transplacental Alcohol Intoxication. Alcohol Alcohol 21:163\u2013166","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"1531_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.09.003","volume":"35","author":"C Bellantuono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellantuono C, Tofani S, Di Sciascio G, Santone G (2013) Benzodiazepine exposure in pregnancy and risk of major malformations: a critical overview. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 35:3\u20138","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhat A, Hadley A (2015) 'The management of alcohol withdrawal in pregnancy\u2014case report, literature review and preliminary recommendations', General Hospital Psychiatry, 37: 273. e1\u201373. e3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.02.001"},{"key":"1531_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.v09n0608","volume":"9","author":"CG Bhuvaneswar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bhuvaneswar CG, Chang G, Epstein LA, Stern TA (2007) Alcohol use during pregnancy: prevalence and impact. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 9:455\u2013460","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2015.055","volume":"38","author":"J Brett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brett J, Murnion B (2015) Management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence. Aust Prescr 38:152","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"key":"1531_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e513","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70283-9","volume":"2","author":"R Caleyachetty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caleyachetty R, Tait CA, Kengne AP, Corvalan C, Uauy R, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB (2014) Tobacco use in pregnant women: analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys from 54 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health 2:e513\u2013e520","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1531_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos J, Roca L, Gude F, Gonzalez\u2010Quintela A (2011) 'Long\u2010term mortality of patients admitted to the hospital with alcohol withdrawal syndrome'. Alcohol: Clin Experimental Res 35:1180\u201386.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01451.x"},{"key":"1531_CR16","unstructured":"Centers for Disease, Control, and Prevention (2009) 'Alcohol use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age - United States, 1991-2005'. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 58:529\u2013532"},{"key":"1531_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.12.002","volume":"12","author":"IB Crome","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crome IB, Kumar MT (2007) Epidemiology of drug and alcohol use in young women. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12:98\u2013105","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1531_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.016","volume":"148","author":"DA Dawson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dawson DA, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Grant BF (2015) Changes in alcohol consumption: United States, 2001\u20132002 to 2012\u20132013. Drug Alcohol Depend 148:56\u201361","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1531_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-59","volume":"13","author":"TR Fenton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenton TR, Kim JH (2013) A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr 13:59","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"1531_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2018.05.010","volume":"53","author":"MP Freeman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freeman MP, G\u00f3ez-Mogoll\u00f3n L, McInerney KA, Davies AC, Church TR, Sosinsky AZ, Noe OB, Viguera AC, Cohen LS (2018) Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes after benzodiazepine exposure during pregnancy: Results from a prospective registry of women with psychiatric disorders. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 53:73\u201379","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161","volume":"74","author":"BF Grant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grant BF, Patricia Chou S, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Kerridge BT, June Ruan W, Huang B, Jung J, Zhang H, Fan A (2017) Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001\u20132002 to 2012\u20132013: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiat 74:911\u2013923","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1531_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18r12412","volume":"80","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, Graves L, Peer M, Mamisashvili L, Dennis CL, Vigod SN, Steiner M, Brown C, Cheung A, Dawson H, Rector N, Guenette M, Richter M (2019) Benzodiazepine use during pregnancy alone or in combination with an antidepressant and congenital malformations: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 80:1845","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720904860","volume":"65","author":"S Grigoriadis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grigoriadis S, Graves L, Peer M, Mamisashvili L, Ruthirakuhan M, Chan P, Hennawy M, Parikh S, Vigod SN, Dennis CL, Steiner M, Brown C, Cheung A, Dawson H, Rector N, Guenette M, Richter M (2020) Pregnancy and Delivery Outcomes Following Benzodiazepine Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Psychiatry 65:821\u2013834","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.010","volume":"99","author":"JR Havens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Havens JR, Simmons LA, Shannon LM, Hansen WF (2009) Factors associated with substance use during pregnancy: results from a national sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 99:89\u201395","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1531_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.001","volume":"74","author":"CA Hernandez-Avila","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hernandez-Avila CA, Rounsaville BJ, Kranzler HR (2004) Opioid-, cannabis-and alcohol-dependent women show more rapid progression to substance abuse treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 74:265\u2013272","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1531_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1","volume":"302","author":"KennethL Jones","year":"1973","unstructured":"Jones KennethL, Smith DavidW (1973) Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. The Lancet 302:999\u20131001","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"1531_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9317","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249317","volume":"17","author":"M Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang M, Min A, Min H (2020) Gender convergence in alcohol consumption patterns: findings from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2007\u20132016. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:9317","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1531_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.08.017","volume":"93","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Grant BF, Hasin DS (2008) Evidence for a closing gender gap in alcohol use, abuse, and dependence in the United States population. Drug Alcohol Depend 93:21\u201329","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1531_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14082","volume":"43","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Jager J, Mal-Sarkar T, Patrick ME, Rutherford C, Hasin D (2019) \u201cIs there a recent epidemic of women\u2019s drinking? A Critical Review of National Studies.\u201d Alcohol: Clin Experimental Res 43:1344\u20131359","journal-title":"Alcohol: Clin Experimental Res"},{"key":"1531_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09081161","volume":"167","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keyes KM, Martins SS, Blanco C, Hasin DS (2010) Telescoping and gender differences in alcohol dependence: new evidence from two national surveys. Am J Psychiatry 167:969\u2013976","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020617","volume":"348","author":"TR Kosten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kosten TR, O\u2019Connor PG (2003) Management of drug and alcohol withdrawal. N Engl J Med 348:1786\u20131795","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1531_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1542701","volume":"57","author":"JA Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee JA, Duby JJ, Cocanour CS (2019) Effect of early and focused benzodiazepine therapy on length of stay in severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Clin Toxicol 57:624\u2013627","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"1531_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172906","volume":"192","author":"B Lees","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lees B, Meredith LR, Kirkland AE, Bryant BE, Squeglia LM (2020) Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 192:172906","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"1531_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.09.021","volume":"32","author":"L Leggio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leggio L, Kenna GA, Swift RM (2008) \u201cNew developments for the pharmacological treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome A Focus on Non-Benzodiazepine GABAergic Medications.\u201d Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32:1106\u20131117","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200304000-00002","volume":"25","author":"P Lemoine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Borteyru JP, Menuet JC (2003) Children of Alcoholic Parents\u2014Observed Anomalies: Discussion of 127 Cases. Ther Drug Monit 25:132\u2013136","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"1531_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31826efb2d","volume":"105","author":"A Manasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manasco A, Chang S, Larriviere J, Hamm LL, Glass M (2012) Alcohol withdrawal. South Med J 105:607\u2013612","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"1531_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3319","volume":"134","author":"PA May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May PA, Baete A, Russo J, Elliott AJ, Blankenship J, Kalberg WO, Buckley D, Brooks M, Hasken J, Abdul-Rahman O, Adam MP, Robinson LK, Manning M, Hoyme HE (2014) Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 134:855\u2013866","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1531_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2011.608597","volume":"29","author":"ML McClellan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McClellan ML (2011) Historical perspectives on alcoholism treatment for women in the United States, 1870\u20131990. Alcohol Treat Q 29:332\u2013356","journal-title":"Alcohol Treat Q"},{"key":"1531_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/CXA.0000000000000034","volume":"9","author":"PLL McDonald","year":"2018","unstructured":"McDonald PLL, Jia L, Vipler S (2018) Alcohol withdrawal management and relapse prevention in pregnancy. Canadian Journal of Addiction 9:32\u201341","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"1531_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4912","volume":"81","author":"LC Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng LC, Lin CW, Chuang HM, Chen LK, Hsiao FY (2024) Benzodiazepine use during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage. JAMA Psychiat 81:366\u2013373","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1531_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.00307.x","volume":"22","author":"AJ Muzyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muzyk AJ, Leung JG, Nelson S, Embury ER, Jones SR (2013) The role of diazepam loading for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in hospitalized patients. Am J Addict 22:113\u2013118","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"1531_CR42","first-page":"VE01","volume":"9","author":"C Ntais","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ntais C, Pakos E, Kyzas P, Ioannidis JPA (2005) Benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:VE01","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1531_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(97)00073-1","volume":"20","author":"D Polygenis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Polygenis D, Wharton S, Malmberg C, Sherman N, Kennedy D, Koren G, Einarson TR (1998) Moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the incidence of fetal malformations: a meta-analysis. Neurotoxicol Teratol 20:61\u201367","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"1531_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1999.60.252","volume":"60","author":"CL Randall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Randall CL, Roberts JS, Del Boca FK, Carroll KM, Connors GJ, Mattson ME (1999) Telescoping of landmark events associated with drinking: a gender comparison. J Stud Alcohol 60:252\u2013260","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"1531_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000704","volume":"15","author":"A Sanvisens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanvisens A, Zuluaga P, Short A, Rubio G, Gual A, Torrens M, Fuster D, Bolao F, de Fonseca FR, Muga R (2021) Sex-specific associations of alcohol withdrawal in patients admitted for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. J Addiction Med 15:68\u201373","journal-title":"J Addiction Med"},{"key":"1531_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15589","volume":"116","author":"J Schimmel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schimmel J, Vargas-Torres C, Genes N, Probst MA, Manini AF (2021) Changes in alcohol-related hospital visits during COVID-19 in New York City. Addiction 116:3525\u20133530","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"1531_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.36","volume":"66","author":"S Seedat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS, Demyttenaere K, De Girolamo G, Haro JM, Jin R (2009) Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:785\u2013795","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.002","volume":"12","author":"S Shankaran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shankaran S, Lester BM, Das A, Bauer CR, Bada HS, Lagasse L, Higgins R (2007) Impact of maternal substance use during pregnancy on childhood outcome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 12:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1531_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0963","volume":"76","author":"O Sheehy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sheehy O, Zhao JP, B\u00e9rard A (2019) Association Between Incident Exposure to Benzodiazepines in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion. JAMA Psychiat 76:948\u2013957","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1531_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00737.x","volume":"84","author":"JT Sullivan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM (1989) Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 84:1353\u20131357","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"1531_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundermann AC, Velez Edwards DR, Slaughter JC, Wu P, Jones SH, Torstenson ES, Hartmann KE (2021) 'Week-by-week alcohol consumption in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion risk: a prospective cohort study', Am J Obstet Gynecol, 224: 97 e1\u201397 e16.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.012"},{"key":"1531_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6437a3","volume":"64","author":"CH Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan CH, Denny CH, Cheal NE, Sniezek JE, Kanny D (2015) Alcohol use and binge drinking among women of childbearing age - United States, 2011\u20132013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64:1042\u20131046","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"1531_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agg087","volume":"38","author":"M Testa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Testa M, Quigley BM, Eiden RD (2003) The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on infant mental development: a meta-analytical review. Alcohol Alcohol 38:295\u2013304","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"1531_CR54","first-page":"47","volume":"22","author":"JD Thomas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomas JD, Riley EP (1998) Fetal alcohol syndrome: does alcohol withdrawal play a role? Alcohol Health Res World 22:47\u201353","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"1531_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(95)00019-S","volume":"52","author":"C Trav\u00e9s","year":"1995","unstructured":"Trav\u00e9s C, Camps L, L\u00f3pez-Tejero D (1995) Liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol levels during chronic ethanol intake in pregnant rats and their offspring. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:93\u201399","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"1531_CR56","first-page":"385","volume":"29","author":"C Trav\u00e9s","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trav\u00e9s C, L\u00f3pez-Tejero D (1994) Ethanol elimination in alcohol-treated pregnant rats. Alcohol Alcohol 29:385\u2013395","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"1531_CR57","first-page":"44","volume":"59","author":"SS Trofimov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trofimov SS, Ostrovskaia RU, Smol\u2019nikova NM, Nemova EP, Voronina TA (1996) The significance of perinatal alcoholization and its withdrawal in the development of late cognitive disorders in rats. Eksp Klin Farmakol 59:44\u201346","journal-title":"Eksp Klin Farmakol"},{"key":"1531_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266424","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1266424","volume":"14","author":"H Unlu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Unlu H, Macaron MM, Ayraler Taner H, Kaba D, Akin Sari B, Schneekloth TD, Leggio L, Abulseoud OA (2023) Sex difference in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a scoping review of clinical studies. Front Psychiatry 14:1266424","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Unlu H, Yehia A, El-Gayar S, Havanur A, Deceus F, Brown SJ, Umar SB, Croarkin PE, Schneekloth TD, Abulseoud OA (2024) 'Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults', JAACAP Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.01.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2024.01.012"},{"key":"1531_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7982","volume":"322","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2019","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Han B, Compton WM, McCance-Katz EF (2019) Self-reported medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA 322:167\u2013169","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1531_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White A, Castle I\u2010JP, Chen CM, Shirley M, Roach D, Hingson R (2015) 'Converging patterns of alcohol use and related outcomes among females and males in the United States, 2002 to 2012'. Alcohol: Clin Experimental Res 39:1712\u201326.","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12815"},{"key":"1531_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White AM, Slater ME, Ng G, Hingson R, Breslow R (2018) 'Trends in alcohol\u2010related emergency department visits in the United States: results from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006 to 2014', Alcohol: Clin Experimental Res, 42: 352\u201359.","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13559"},{"key":"1531_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1457","volume":"16","author":"BN Wikner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wikner BN, Stiller CO, Bergman U, Asker C, K\u00e4ll\u00e9n B (2007) Use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine receptor agonists during pregnancy: neonatal outcome and congenital malformations. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 16:1203\u20131210","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"1531_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2733","volume":"74","author":"KA Yonkers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yonkers KA, Gilstad-Hayden K, Forray A, Lipkind HS (2017) \u201cAssociation of Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Benzodiazepine Treatment during Pregnancy with Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes.\u201d JAMA Psychiatry 74:1145\u20131152","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1531_CR65","unstructured":"(2012) 'Alcohol use and binge drinking among women of childbearing age--United States, 2006\u20132010', MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 61:534\u20138"}],"container-title":["Archives of Women's Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:00:17Z","timestamp":1747735217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00737-024-01531-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-1816","1435-1102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-1816","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We hereby declare that none of the authors of this manuscript have any conflict of interest to disclose. All authors have no financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}