{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:09:38Z","timestamp":1792206578649,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Womens Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During pregnancy, it is unclear whether women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should stop prescribed medication \u2013 risking relapse \u2013 or continue \u2013 risking harm to themselves and their baby. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to examine whether ADHD medications should be continued during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, NHS Knowledge and Library Hub from 1st July 2019 to 1st July 2024, without any restrictions on language, setting, or study type. We supplemented this with relevant studies identified from the references of retrieved studies. Two authors used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to independently rate the quality of included studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve cohort studies were included in the qualitative review. All were deemed high quality (NOS\u2009\u2265\u20097). Seven studies found ADHD medication use during pregnancy had no significant negative effect on maternal or offspring outcomes. One study found continuing ADHD medication reduced the risk of various negative outcomes, and another found stopping ADHD medication may increase the risk of threatened abortion. Three studies concluded that ADHD medication use was associated with negative outcomes: pre-eclampsia, gastroschisis, omphalocele, and transverse limb deficiency. Modafinil was identified as significantly increasing the risk of congenital malformations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women taking modafinil should consider stopping it prior to pregnancy. Clinicians should discuss the risks, benefits, and uncertainties of other ADHD medications with women who are pregnant, or considering pregnancy, keeping in mind that the benefits of continuing ADHD medications- where it is effective for an individual- are likely to outweigh the risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-025-01621-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:27:30Z","timestamp":1760408850000},"page":"1425-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal and offspring outcomes associated with prescribed ADHD medication in pregnancy: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohum","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Chu-Han Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1621_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06561-5","volume":"24","author":"U Amikam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amikam U, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Brown R, Dahan MH (2024) The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes\u2014an evaluation of a population database. 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He has received support to attend meetings from the British Association for Psychopharmacology, the European Congress of Neuropsychopharmacology and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He is a Council member for the British Association for Psychopharmacology, a member of the Medical Advisory Board of the Catatonia Foundation and an Advisor to the Global Neuropsychiatry Group. He conducts expert witness work. All other authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article, and did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}