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The objective of this study falls within the scope of public interest activities carried out by the Regional Health Authority (RT) of ATS Milan, including the conduction of epidemiological studies on temporal trends, risk factors, outcomes of early diagnosis interventions, therapies, and diagnostic-therapeutic pathways. The legal basis for data processing is established by Regional Law (Regional Government Decree No. XI\/6818 dated August 2, 2022). Ethics committee approval was not required as the data were collected as part of the routine service activities and pseudonymized data were included.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The consent to participate is not applicable, as this is an observational study based on data routinely collected by the ATS of Milan, a public body of the Regional Health Service \u2013 Lombardy Region. The ATS has among its institutional functions, established by the Lombardy Region legislation (R.L. 23\/2015), the government of the care pathway at the individual level in the regional social and health care system, the evaluation of the services provided to, and the outcomes of, patients residing in the covered area. This study is also ethically compliant with the National Law (D.Lgs. 101\/2018) and the \u201cGeneral Authorisation to Process Personal Data for Scientific Research Purposes\u201d (nos. 8 and 9 of 2016, referred to in the Data Protection Authority action of December 13, 2018). Data were anonymized with a unique identifier in the different datasets before being used for the analyses. The perinatal depression survey data from ATS Milano are based on informed consents and are managed directly by the involved ASSTs. The dataset used in this study was fully anonymized prior to access and does not contain any personal or personally identifiable information, ensuring compliance with data protection and privacy regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"120"}}