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The bonding constants have been determined by titration of the metal complex with these ligands and are compared in relation to previous studies. The adduct formation was monitored utilising optical spectroscopy. In addition, M\u04e7ssbauer spectroscopic experiments were conducted to monitor the electronic environment around the central iron atom in these complexes. The two complementary spectroscopic methods indicated that all nitrogen ligands formed low-spin octahedral complexes. The magnitude of the overall binding constants (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values) are discussed and related to (a) the p<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub> values of the free ligands and (b) the M\u00f6ssbauer parameter \u0394<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Q<\/jats:sub>, which represents the quadrupole splitting of the haem iron. The <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and \u0394<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Q<\/jats:sub> values are also discussed in terms of the structure of the ligand. Cooperative binding was observed for nearly all the ligands with Hill coefficients close to 2 for iron(II) protoporphyrin; one of these ligands displayed a much greater affinity than any we previously studied, and this was a direct consequence of the structure of the ligand. Overall conclusions on these and previous studies are drawn in terms of aliphatic ligands versus aromatic ring structures and the absence or presence of sterically hindered nitrogen atoms. The implications of the work for the greater understanding of haem proteins in general and in particular how the nitrogenous ligand binding results are relevant to and aid the understanding of the binding of inhibitor molecules to the cytochrome P<jats:sub>450<\/jats:sub> mono-oxygenases (for therapeutic purposes) are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Changes in the electronic absorption spectra of five-coordinate [Fe(II)(PPIX)(2-MeIm)] that occurred as the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 78\u00b0\u00a0K<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-022-01929-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1646233351000},"page":"297-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Studies on the binding of nitrogenous bases to protoporphyrin IX iron(II) in aqueous solution at high pH values"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golzar","family":"Al-Jaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"den Engelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Fern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6512-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry G.","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1929_CR1","volume-title":"Hemoglobin and myoglobin in their reactions with ligands","author":"E Antonini","year":"1971","unstructured":"Antonini E, Brunori M (1971) Hemoglobin and myoglobin in their reactions with ligands. 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