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We examined the formation of \u03b1-lactalbumin amyloid fibrils (\u03b1-LAF) in the presence of cations (Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) in the form of chloride salts at two concentrations. We have shown that studied cations affect the conformation of \u03b1-lactalbumin, the kinetics of its amyloid formation, morphology, and secondary structure of \u03b1-LAF in a different manner. The higher salts concentration significantly accelerated the aggregation process. Both salt concentrations stabilized \u03b1-lactalbumin's secondary structure. However, the presence of divalent cations resulted in shorter fibrils with less \u03b2-sheet content. Moreover, strongly hydrated Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> significantly altered \u03b1-lactalbumin's tertiary structure, followed by Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and weakly hydrated Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. On the other hand, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, despite being also strongly hydrated, stabilized the tertiary structure, supposedly due to its high affinity towards \u03b1-lactalbumin. Yet, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> was not able to inhibit \u03b1-lactalbumin amyloid aggregation.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphic abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-022-01962-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T19:03:45Z","timestamp":1663959825000},"page":"679-689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The influence of cations on \u03b1-lactalbumin amyloid aggregation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8759-3018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Antosova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslav","family":"Gancar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0837-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Bednarikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Marek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Bystrenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0670-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Gazova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1962_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2003.10.009","volume":"15","author":"JG Jackson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jackson JG, Janszen DB, Lonnerdal B et al (2004) A multinational study of alpha-lactalbumin concentrations in human milk. 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