{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:27:16Z","timestamp":1785209236276,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Whereas the key role of subgingival instrumentation in periodontal therapy is well known, the influence of operators\u2019 experience\/training with different devices on treatment results is yet uncertain. Therefore, we assessed untrained undergraduate students, working on manikins, as to how effectively they learn to use curettes (GRA) and sonic scalers (AIR); hypothesizing that AIR will result in higher relative cleaning efficacy (RCE) than GRA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Before baseline evaluation (T0), 30 operators (9 males, 21 females) received a 2-h theoretical lesson for both instruments, followed by a 12-week period with a weekly digitized training program for 45 min. During three sessions (T1\u2013T3), the operators had to instrument six equivalent test teeth with GRA and AIR. At T0\u2013T3, treatment time, proportion of removed simulated biofilm (RCE-b), and hard deposits (RCE-d) were measured.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At T0, RCE-b was in mean(SD) 64.18(25.74) % for GRA, 62.25(26.69) % for AIR; (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.172) and RCE-d 85.48(12.32) %\/ 65.71(15.27) % (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). At T3, operators reached highest RCE-b in both groups (GRA\/AIR 71.54(23.90) %\/71.75(23.05)%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.864); RCE-d GRA\/AIR: 84.68(16.84) %\/77.85(13.98) %; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Both groups achieved shorter treatment times after training. At T3, using curettes was faster (GRA\/AIR 16.67(3.31) min\/19.80(4.52) min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After systematic digitized training, untrained operators were able to clean 70% of the root surfaces with curettes and sonic scalers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>It can be concluded that a systematic digitized and interactive training program in manikin heads is helpful in the training of root surface debridement.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03356-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T05:02:42Z","timestamp":1590814962000},"page":"219-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of a systematic digitized training program on the effectivity of subgingival instrumentation with curettes and sonic scalers in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Graetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Fecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Sophie","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sentker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof E.","family":"D\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"S\u00e4lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"3356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","volume":"45","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Flemmig TF, Garcia R, Giannobile WV, Graziani F, Greenwell H, Herrera D, Kao RT, Kebschull M, Kinane DF, Kirkwood KL, Kocher T, Kornman KS, Kumar PS, Loos BG, Machtei E, Meng H, Mombelli A, Needleman I, Offenbacher S, Seymour GJ, Teles R, Tonetti MS (2018) Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. 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