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We compared SE and SW over 24\u00a0months in a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A two-arm superiority trial was conducted comparing SW\/SE in primary molars without pulpal symptoms but well-defined deep lesions. Seventy-four children (1\u00a0molar\/child) aged 3\u20139\u00a0years were recruited. In a first step, peripheral carious tissue was removed until hard dentin remained, while in proximity to the pulp, leathery dentin was left. An adhesive compomer restoration was placed and restorations re-examined after 6\u00a0months. In SW, re-entry and removal to firm dentin was conducted pulpo-proximally, followed by re-restoration. Molars were re-evaluated for a total of 24\u00a0months. Our primary outcome was success (absence of restorative\/endodontic complications or pulp exposures). Secondary outcomes included total treatment and opportunity costs and restoration quality, assessed using modified USPHS criteria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After 24\u00a0months, 63 molars (31 SE, 32 SW) were re-assessed. Four failures occurred (2 exposures in SW; 2 pulpal complications in SE, 1 of them leading to extraction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Restoration integrity was satisfying in both groups (USPHS A\/B\/C in 21\/8\/0 SE and 23\/7\/0 SW, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Treatment and opportunity costs were significantly higher in SW than SE (mean 171\u2009\u00b1\u200951 vs. 106\u2009\u00b1\u200990; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After 2\u00a0years, SE and SW showed similar efficacy for managing deep carious lesions in primary molars. The higher costs for SW should be considered during decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In primary molars with well-defined deep carious lesions SE was less costly and similarly efficacious like SW. From a cost and applicability perspective, SW may need to be indicated restrictively, e.g., for very deep (&gt;\u20093\/4 dentin extension) lesions only.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> Identifier: NCT02232828<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03536-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T10:04:41Z","timestamp":1598609081000},"page":"645-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Selective vs stepwise removal of deep carious lesions in primary molars: 24\u00a0months follow-up from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Elhennawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seif","family":"Reda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul-Georg","family":"Jost-Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Schwendicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3536_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513500792","volume":"90","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Stolpe M, Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S, D\u00f6rfer CE (2013) Cost-effectiveness of one- and two-step incomplete and complete excavations. 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