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Surgical approaches were single bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52)), single LeFort-I osteotomy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5) and bimaxillary osteotomy (LeFort-I + BSSO (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 62)). Intraoperative and early (0\u20134 weeks postoperative) complications were investigated retrospectively (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 119), whereas late findings and quality of life were assessed via clinical follow-up and survey (mean: 59 months postoperative) on 48 patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bad split (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4\/114) was the most common intraoperative complication followed by one case of severe bleeding. Regarding early postoperative complications, temporary damage of the inferior alveolar nerve after BSSO was most common (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33\/114), followed by facial nerve dysfunction (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), failed osteosynthesis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) and one case of postoperative dyspnoea. Permanent hypaesthesia of the lower lip was the most prevalent (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28\/45\n                      <jats:sup>(BSSO and LeFort-I + BSSO)<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) late finding with varying extent, followed by temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25\/48). Skeletal relapse mostly occurred after class II treatment, followed by class III, posterior crossbite and open bite. Overall, the surgery improved the patients\u2019 self-perception (85.4%), with 60.4% of patients opting for surgery again.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term complications after orthognathic surgery occurred more frequently than commonly described in the literature, and analyses of the quality of life show the need for more comprehensive preoperative patient education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypaesthesia of the lower lip presented less as complication but rather as side effect following BSSO. As orthognathic surgery is mostly elective, preoperative patient education is of pivotal importance and should include proactive risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03664-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T23:33:18Z","timestamp":1604619198000},"page":"3315-3327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Complications or rather side effects? Quantification of patient satisfaction and complications after orthognathic surgery\u2014a retrospective, cross-sectional long-term analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4081-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G. 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