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Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the presence of <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic> and other <jats:italic>non-albicans<\/jats:italic> species. Furthermore, independent risk factors for <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> superinfection in OLP should be identified.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Epidemiologic data and microbiological findings from 268 symptomatic OLP patients who underwent continuous oral swab culture over a 5-year period (2015\u20132019) were retrospectively reviewed. <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species identification and semi-quantification were obtained by culture on CHROMagar Candida, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was the most frequently isolated species (72.3%), followed by <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> (7.3%), <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic> (5.8%), <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> (both 2.6%). The presence of <jats:italic>C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic> was significantly associated with tobacco smoking. Other <jats:italic>non-albicans<\/jats:italic> spp. were significantly more often detected in patients using removable dentures. Increasing age and the intake of psychotropic drugs were identified as independent risk factors of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> superinfection in OLP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In OLP patients, certain local and systemic factors increase the risk of carrying potentially drug-resistant <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species and the development of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> superinfection of OLP lesions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Due to the frequent detection of <jats:italic>non-albicans<\/jats:italic> species in OLP, resistance or at least reduced sensitivity to azole antifungals should be expected, especially in smokers and patients using removable dentures. In the case of oral complaints, a superinfection with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> should be considered, whereby older patients and patients taking psychotropic drugs have an increased risk for oral infection with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04004-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T02:02:42Z","timestamp":1623981762000},"page":"333-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Factors influencing the presence of Candida dubliniensis and other non-albicans species in patients with oral lichen planus: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Molkenthin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea Maria","family":"Schmidt-Westhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-009-0020-z","volume":"3","author":"EM Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson EM (2009) Rare and emerging Candida species. 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