{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:11:10Z","timestamp":1792595470793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG5K0051-52"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG5K0051-52"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-2314-B-182-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2314-B-182-010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1627898584000},"page":"1077-1088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Type of mandibular asymmetry affects changes and outcomes of bimaxillary surgery for class III asymmetry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5840-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Chen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Fong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ray","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4092_CR1","first-page":"28","volume":"72","author":"S Haraguchi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haraguchi S, Takada K, Yasuda Y (2002) Facial asymmetry in subjects with skeletal class III deformity. Angle Orthod 72:28\u201335","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2319\/022107-85.1","volume":"78","author":"S Haraguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haraguchi S, Iguchi Y, Takada K (2008) Asymmetry of the face in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 78:421\u2013426","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji097","volume":"28","author":"S Good","year":"2006","unstructured":"Good S, Edler R, Wertheim D, Greenhill D (2006) A computerized photographic assessment of the relationship between skeletal discrepancy and mandibular outline asymmetry. Eur J Orthod 28:97\u2013102","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR4","first-page":"806","volume":"76","author":"MT Chew","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chew MT (2006) Spectrum and management of dentofacial deformities in a multiethnic Asian population. Angle Orthod 76:806\u2013809","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.10.057","volume":"102","author":"M Maeda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maeda M, Katsumata A, Ariji Y, Muramatsu A, Yoshida K, Goto S, Kurita K, Ariji E (2006) 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with maxillofacial deformities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102:382\u2013390","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"4092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.135","volume":"70","author":"C Baek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baek C, Paeng J-Y, Lee JS, Hong J (2012) Morphologic evaluation and classification of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 70:1161\u20131169","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR7","first-page":"313","volume":"42","author":"J-Y Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim J-Y, Jung H-D, Jung Y-S, Hwang C-J, Park H-S (2014) A simple classification of facial asymmetry by TML system. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 42:313\u2013320","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.03.011","volume":"44","author":"Y-J Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Y-J, Yao C-C, Chang Z-C, Lai H-H, Lu S-C, Kok S-H (2016) A new classification of mandibular asymmetry and evaluation of surgical-orthodontic treatment outcomes in class III malocclusion. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 44:676\u2013683","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.06.014","volume":"48","author":"Y-J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y-J, Yao C-C, Chang Z-C, Lai H-H, Yeh K-J, Kok S-H (2019) Characterization of facial asymmetry in skeletal class III malocclusion and its implications for treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 48:1533\u20131541","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.04.039","volume":"67","author":"EW-C Ko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ko EW-C, Huang CS, Chen YR (2009) Characteristics and corrective outcome of face asymmetry by orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:2201\u20132209","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung Y-J, Kim M-J and Baek S-H (2009) Hard and soft tissue changes after correction of mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry by mandibular setback surgery: three-dimensional analysis using computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:763\u2013771. e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.12.026"},{"key":"4092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.02.022","volume":"138","author":"H-S Baik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baik H-S, Kim S-Y (2010) Facial soft-tissue changes in skeletal class III orthognathic surgery patients analyzed with 3-dimensional laser scanning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 138:167\u2013178","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"4092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.103865","volume":"1","author":"T Al-Gunaid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Gunaid T, Yamaki M, Takagi R, Saito I (2012) Soft and hard tissue changes after bimaxillary surgery in Japanese class III asymmetric patients. J Orthod Sci 1:69\u201376","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"4092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.06.008","volume":"42","author":"N H\u00e5gensli","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00e5gensli N, Stenvik A, Espeland L (2014) Asymmetric mandibular prognathism: outcome, stability and patient satisfaction after BSSO surgery. A retrospective study J Craniomaxillofac Surg 42:1735\u20131741","journal-title":"A retrospective study J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.05.020","volume":"120","author":"E Suzuki-Okamura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suzuki-Okamura E, Higashihori N, Kawamoto T, Moriyama K (2015) Three-dimensional analysis of hard and soft tissue changes in patients with facial asymmetry undergoing 2-jaw surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 120:299\u2013306","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"4092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2016.06.010","volume":"54","author":"S Ohba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohba S, Nakao N, Kawasaki T, Miura K-i, Minamizato T, Koga Y, Yoshida N, Asahina I (2016) Skeletal stability after sagittal split ramus osteotomy with physiological positioning in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54:920\u2013926","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2603-y","volume":"23","author":"Y-F Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao Y-F, Chen Y-F, Yao C-F, Chen Y-A, Chen Y-R (2019) Long-term outcomes of bimaxillary surgery for treatment of asymmetric skeletal class III deformity using surgery-first approach. Clin Oral Investig 23:1685\u20131693","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"4092_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03241-4","volume":"24","author":"Y-F Liao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao Y-F, Chen Y-A, Chen Y-C, Chen Y-R (2020) Outcomes of conventional versus virtual surgical planning of orthognathic surgery using surgery-first approach for class III asymmetry. Clin Oral Investig 24:1509\u20131516","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"4092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f52710","volume":"126","author":"Y-F Liao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liao Y-F, Chiu Y-T, Huang C-S, Ko EW, Chen Y-R (2010) Presurgical orthodontics versus no presurgical orthodontics: treatment outcome of surgical-orthodontic correction for skeletal class III open bite. Plast Reconstr Surg 126(6):2074\u20132083","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR20","first-page":"250","volume":"26","author":"E Hunsuck","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hunsuck E (1968) A modified intraoral sagittal splitting technic for correction of mandibular prognathism. J Oral Surg 26:250\u2013253","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003165","volume":"28","author":"Y-A Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y-A, Ng LS, Ko EW-C, Chen Y-R (2017) Mandibular contouring during orthognathic surgery using the modified Hunsuck technique. J Craniofac Surg 28:239\u2013240","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR22","first-page":"8707389","volume":"2020","author":"L-R Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang L-R, Chen C-C, Jeng S-F, Chen Y-R, Hwang L-C, Lin T-S (2020) Investigation of a modified novel technique in bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy fixation: finite element analysis and in vitro biomechanical test. Biomed Res Int 2020:8707389","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4092_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell W (1992) Modern practice in orthognathic and reconstructive surgery: Saunders","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199308000-00030"},{"key":"4092_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2462-6","volume":"23","author":"Y-F Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y-F, Liao Y-F, Chen Y-A, Chen Y-R (2019) Treatment outcome of bimaxillary surgery for asymmetric skeletal class II deformity. Clin Oral Investig 23:623\u2013632","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"4092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin C-L, Chen Y-A, Yao C-F, Chang C-S, Liao Y-F and Chen Y-R (2021) Comparative stability and outcomes of two surgical approaches for correction of class III asymmetry with lip or occlusal cant. Clin Oral Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-021-03853-4. Epub ahead of print","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03853-4"},{"key":"4092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.3.180","volume":"14","author":"S Richmond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Richmond S, Shaw WC, Roberts CT, Andrews M (1992) The PAR index (peer assessment rating): methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and standards. Eur J Orthod 14:180\u2013187","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richmond S, Shaw WC, O\u2019Brien KD, Buchanan IB, Jones R, Stephens CD, Roberts CT, Andrews M (1992) The development of the PAR index (peer assessment rating): reliability and validity. Eur J Orthod 14:125\u2013139","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.2.125"},{"key":"4092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70133-8","volume":"107","author":"L DeGuzman","year":"1995","unstructured":"DeGuzman L, Bahiraei D, Vig KW, Vig PS, Weyant RJ, O\u2019Brien K (1995) The validation of the peer assessment rating index for malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 107:172\u2013176","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"4092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.05.018","volume":"37","author":"T Al-Gunaid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Gunaid T, Yamada K, Takagi R, Saito C, Saito I (2008) Postoperative stability of bimaxillary surgery in class III patients with mandibular protrusion and mandibular deviation: a frontal cephalometric study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:992\u2013998","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03242-3","volume":"24","author":"W Titiroongruang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Titiroongruang W, Liao Y-F, Chen Y-A, Yao C-F, Chen Y-R (2020) A new 3D analysis on displacement of proximal segment after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for class III asymmetry. Clin Oral Investig 24:3641\u20133651","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"4092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.2017-0008","volume":"59","author":"T Kogou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kogou T, Takaki T, Shibahara T (2018) Three-dimensional analysis and evaluation in orthognathic surgical cases with facial asymmetry. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 59:147\u2013161","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"key":"4092_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2017.47.4.256","volume":"47","author":"H-S Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song H-S, Choi S-H, Cha J-Y, Lee K-J, Yu H-S (2017) Comparison of changes in the transverse dental axis between patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry treated by orthognathic surgery with and without presurgical orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod 47:256\u2013267","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"4092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2016.10.001","volume":"29","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Kobayashi M, Ozawa S, Kondo T, Ikoma T, Iwabuchi H, Fushima K, Kubota E (2017) Postoperative mandibular stability after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy based on skeletal correction in patients with facial asymmetry. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol 29:181\u2013188","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol"},{"key":"4092_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.04.019","volume":"62","author":"M Soncul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Soncul M, Bamber MA (2004) Evaluation of facial soft tissue changes with optical surface scan after surgical correction of class III deformities. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:1331\u20131340","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo L-J, Weng J-L, Ho C-T and Lin H-H (2018) Three-dimensional region-based study on the relationship between soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic surgery in patients with prognathism. PLoS One 13:e0200589","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200589"},{"key":"4092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.10.001","volume":"36","author":"H Ghoddousi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghoddousi H, Edler R, Haers P, Wertheim D, Greenhill D (2007) Comparison of three methods of facial measurement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36:250\u2013258","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.04.012","volume":"37","author":"TJ Maal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maal TJ, Plooij JM, Rangel FA, Mollemans W, Schutyser FA, Berg\u00e9 SJ (2008) The accuracy of matching three-dimensional photographs with skin surfaces derived from cone-beam computed tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37:641\u2013646","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"4092_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.013","volume":"40","author":"JM Plooij","year":"2011","unstructured":"Plooij JM, Maal TJ, Haers P, Borstlap WA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Berg\u00e9 SJ (2011) Digital three-dimensional image fusion processes for planning and evaluating orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40:341\u2013352","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T06:27:27Z","timestamp":1643178447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-021-04092-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-6981","1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-6981","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}