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Fourteen mandibular landmarks and two dental landmarks were identified. The mandibular size and positional asymmetry were calculated by using landmark-based linear and volumetric measurements, in terms of asymmetry ratios (affected\/non-affected side) and absolute differences (affected\u2009\u2212\u2009non-affected side). Results were compared with non-syndromic class II with matched severity of chin deviation (Class II group). Statistical analyses included independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, chi-square test, and ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CFM group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>, 21; mean age, 20.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u00a0years) showed significantly larger size asymmetry in regions of mandibular body, ramus, and condyle compared to Class II group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>, 21; mean age, 27.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u00a0years) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The curvature of mandibular body was asymmetric in CFM. Regarding the positional asymmetry of mandibular body, while a comparable transverse shift and a negligible yaw rotation were found among the two groups, the roll rotation in CFM was significantly greater as well as the occlusal (6.06\u00b0 vs. 4.17\u00b0) and mandibular (7.84\u00b0 vs. 2.80\u00b0) plane cants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mild CFM showed significantly more severe size asymmetry and roll rotation in mandible than non-CFM class II asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To improve the mandibular size and positional asymmetry in CFM, adjunct hard tissue augmentation or reduction in addition to OGS orthodontics with a meticulous roll and yaw planning is compulsory, which is expected to be distinct from treating non-CFM class II asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04429-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T08:02:34Z","timestamp":1645862554000},"page":"4603-4613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is the pattern of mandibular asymmetry in mild craniofacial microsomia comparable to non-syndromic class II asymmetry?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yun-Fang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shankeeth","family":"Vinayahalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"Berg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Maal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"4429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/s0007-1226(97)91303-5","volume":"50","author":"RR Cousley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cousley RR, Calvert ML (1997) Current concepts in the understanding and management of hemifacial microsomia. 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The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Medical Ethics Committee at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan (201901347B0).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}