{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:27:23Z","timestamp":1786980443763,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1652162566000},"page":"4687-4700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The efficacy of probiotics in the management of intra-oral halitosis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Rong Hao","family":"Tay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-7866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement Wei Ming","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lum Peng","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Meng Ann","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4522_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2164-5","volume":"22","author":"MF Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva MF, Leite FRM, Ferreira LB, Pola NM, Scannapieco FA, Demarco FF, Nascimento GG (2018) Estimated prevalence of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clin Oral Investig 22:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-017-2164-5","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"4522_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62354-9","volume":"350","author":"G Delanghe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delanghe G, Ghyselen J, van Steenberghe D, Feenstra L (1997) Multidisciplinary breath-odour clinic. Lancet 350:187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62354-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4522_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01890.x","volume":"18","author":"C Scully","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scully C, Greenman J (2012) Halitology (breath odour: aetiopathogenesis and management). Oral Dis 18:333\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01890.x","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"4522_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(71)90062-8","volume":"16","author":"J Tonzetich","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tonzetich J (1971) Direct gas chromatographic analysis of sulphur compounds in mouth air in man. Arch Oral Biol 16:587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-9969(71)90062-8","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"4522_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00862.x","volume":"33","author":"SK Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu SK, Chen XC, Zhang BX, Yaegaki K, Kawaguchi Y (2006) Oral malodor-related parameters in the Chinese general population. J Clin Periodontol 33:31\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00862.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"4522_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01478.x","volume":"36","author":"M Quirynen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quirynen M, Dadamio J, Van den Velde S, De Smit M, Dekeyser C, Van Tornout M, Vandekerckhove B (2009) Characteristics of 2000 patients who visited a halitosis clinic. J Clin Periodontol 36:970\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01478.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"4522_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02001.x","volume":"79","author":"L Flotra","year":"1971","unstructured":"Flotra L, Gjermo P, Rolla G, Waerhaug J (1971) Side effects of chlorhexidine mouth washes. Scand J Dent Res 79:119\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02001.x","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"4522_CR8","unstructured":"Ng E, Tay JRH, Ong MMA, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN and Seneviratne CJ (In Press) Probiotic therapy for periodontal and peri-implant health - silver bullet or sham? Beneficial Microbes."},{"issue":"51","key":"4522_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00305.x","volume":"2000","author":"I Stamatova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stamatova I, Meurman JH (2009) Probiotics and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000(51):141\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00305.x","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"4522_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708601111","volume":"86","author":"W Teughels","year":"2007","unstructured":"Teughels W, Newman MG, Coucke W, Haffajee AD, Van Der Mei HC, Haake SK, Schepers E, Cassiman JJ, Van Eldere J, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M (2007) Guiding periodontal pocket recolonization: a proof of concept. J Dent Res 86:1078\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154405910708601111","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"4522_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02837.x","volume":"100","author":"JP Burton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR (2006) A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters. J Appl Microbiol 100:754\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02837.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"4522_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00893.x","volume":"33","author":"MS Kang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kang MS, Kim BG, Chung J, Lee HC, Oh JS (2006) Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. J Clin Periodontol 33:226\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2006.00893.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"4522_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","volume":"339","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 339:b2700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2700","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4522_CR14","unstructured":"Sambunjak D, Cumpston M and Watts C (2017) Module 4: Selecting studies and collecting data. Cochrane https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/interactivelearning\/module-4-selecting-studies-and-collecting-data. Accessed Acces Date"},{"key":"4522_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hernan MA, Hopewell S, Hrobjartsson A, Junqueira DR, Juni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4522_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG and Sterne JAC (2020) Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook. Accessed Acces Date","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch8"},{"key":"4522_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216669183","volume":"27","author":"D Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T (2018) Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and\/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res 27:1785\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280216669183","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"4522_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T (2014) Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"4522_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428106291059","volume":"11","author":"SB Morris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morris SB (2008) Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organ Res Methods 11:364\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428106291059","journal-title":"Organ Res Methods"},{"key":"4522_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenthal R (1991) Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Applied Social Research Methods Series 6. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984997"},{"key":"4522_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He L, Yang H, Chen Z and Ouyang X (2020) The Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on halitosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-020-09646-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-020-09646-7"},{"key":"4522_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19583","DOI":"10.3390\/s150819583","volume":"15","author":"E Marchetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marchetti E, Tecco S, Santonico M, Vernile C, Ciciarelli D, Tarantino E, Marzo G, Pennazza G (2015) Multi-Sensor approach for the monitoring of halitosis treatment via Lactobacillus brevis (CD2)-containing lozenges\u2013a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sensors (Basel) 15:19583\u201319596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s150819583","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"4522_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mousquer CR, Bona AD, Milani DC, Callegari-Jacques SM, Ishikawa K, Mayer MPA, Rosing CK and Fornari F (2019) Are Lactobacillus salivarius G60 and inulin more efficacious to treat patients with oral halitosis and tongue coating than the probiotic alone and placebo? A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontology https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JPER.19-0089","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0089"},{"key":"4522_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042x.179568","volume":"5","author":"S Penala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Penala S, Kalakonda B, Pathakota KR, Jayakumar A, Koppolu P, Lakshmi BV, Pandey R, Mishra A (2016) Efficacy of local use of probiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis and halitosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Res Pharm Pract 5:86\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2279-042x.179568","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"4522_CR25","first-page":"9","volume":"32","author":"LG Soares","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soares LG, Carvalho EB, Tinoco EMB (2019) Clinical effect of Lactobacillus on the treatment of severe periodontitis and halitosis: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Am J Dent 32:9\u201313","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"4522_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4603","volume":"23","author":"DS Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee DS, Lee SA, Kim M, Nam SH, Kang MS (2020) Reduction of Halitosis by a Tablet Containing Weissella cibaria CMU: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Med Food 23:649\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jmf.2019.4603","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"4522_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.12.400","volume":"117","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Tanabe K, Fujimoto A, Iha K, Seno K (2014) Lactobacillus salivarius WB21\u2013containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 117:462\u2013470","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"4522_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2011.640281","volume":"70","author":"MK Keller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keller MK, Bardow A, Jensdottir T, Lykkeaa J, Twetman S (2012) Effect of chewing gums containing the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on oral malodour. Acta Odontol Scand 70:246\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016357.2011.640281","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"4522_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.06.014","volume":"118","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Tanabe K, Fujimoto A, Iha K, Seno K (2014) Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial\u2013reply to letter. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 118:506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.06.014","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"4522_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00077.x","volume":"56","author":"R Seemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seemann R, Bizhang M, Djamchidi C, Kage A, Nachnani S (2006) The proportion of pseudo-halitosis patients in a multidisciplinary breath malodour consultation. Int Dent J 56:77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00077.x","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"4522_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12031","volume":"40","author":"M Van Tornout","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Tornout M, Dadamio J, Coucke W, Quirynen M (2013) Tongue coating: related factors. J Clin Periodontol 40:180\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12031","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"4522_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ng E, Tay JRH, Saffari SE, Lim LP, Chung KM and Ong MMA (2021) Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016357.2021.1942193","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2021.1942193"},{"key":"4522_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.003","volume":"153","author":"MI Pinto-Sanchez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinto-Sanchez MI, Hall GB, Ghajar K, Nardelli A, Bolino C, Lau JT, Martin FP, Cominetti O, Welsh C, Rieder A, Traynor J, Gregory C, De Palma G, Pigrau M, Ford AC, Macri J, Berger B, Bergonzelli G, Surette MG, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P (2017) Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 reduces depression scores and alters brain activity: a pilot study in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 153:448-459.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.05.003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4522_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10631","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i48.10631","volume":"22","author":"A Lyra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyra A, Hillil\u00e4 M, Huttunen T, M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6 S, Taalikka M, Tennil\u00e4 J, Tarpila A, Lahtinen S, Ouwehand AC, Veijola L (2016) Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity improves equally with probiotic and placebo. World J Gastroenterol 22:10631\u201310642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i48.10631","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4522_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0788-9","volume":"18","author":"SM Ishaque","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishaque SM, Khosruzzaman SM, Ahmed DS, Sah MP (2018) A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of a multi-strain probiotic formulation (Bio-Kult\u00ae) in the management of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 18:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0788-9","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4522_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4740907","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4740907","volume":"2016","author":"V Mezzasalma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mezzasalma V, Manfrini E, Ferri E, Sandionigi A, La Ferla B, Schiano I, Michelotti A, Nobile V, Labra M, Di Gennaro P (2016) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: the efficacy of multispecies probiotic supplementation in alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome associated with constipation. Biomed Res Int 2016:4740907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4740907","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4522_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e031339","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031339","volume":"9","author":"M Schaefer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schaefer M, Enck P (2019) Effects of a probiotic treatment (Enterococcus faecalis) and open-label placebo on symptoms of allergic rhinitis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 9:e031339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031339","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"4522_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046010","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aacf49","volume":"12","author":"AC Georgiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Georgiou AC, Laine ML, Deng DM, Brandt BW, van Loveren C, Dereka X (2018) Efficacy of probiotics: clinical and microbial parameters of halitosis. J Breath Res 12:046010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1752-7163\/aacf49","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"4522_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-9521-4","volume":"12","author":"M Bustamante","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bustamante M, Oomah BD, Mosi-Roa Y, Rubilar M, Burgos-D\u00edaz C (2020) Probiotics as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of halitosis, dental caries and periodontitis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 12:325\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-019-9521-4","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"4522_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9351-1","volume":"11","author":"JI Yoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoo JI, Shin IS, Jeon JG, Yang YM, Kim JG, Lee DW (2019) The effect of probiotics on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 11:150\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-017-9351-1","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"4522_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.11149\/jkaoh.2020.44.4.246","volume":"44","author":"D-H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim D-H, Kang M, Yeu J-E, Lee M-G, Cho J-W (2020) Inhibitory effect of the probiotic bacteria, Weissella cibaria CMU on halitosis: a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Korean Acad Oral Health 44:246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11149\/jkaoh.2020.44.4.246","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Oral Health"},{"key":"4522_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee DS, Kim M, Nam SH, Kang MS and Lee SA (2021) Effects of oral probiotics on subjective halitosis, oral health, and psychosocial health of college students: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18031143","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031143"},{"key":"4522_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aydin M and Gunay I (2021) Cysteine challenge test as a novel diagnostic tool to distinguish oral halitosis. Aust Dent J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adj.12884","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12884"},{"key":"4522_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00118.x","volume":"6","author":"ME Colloca","year":"2000","unstructured":"Colloca ME, Ahumada MC, Lopez ME, Nader-Macias ME (2000) Surface properties of lactobacilli isolated from healthy subjects. Oral Dis 6:227\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00118.x","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"4522_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00239.x","volume":"20","author":"P Koll-Klais","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koll-Klais P, Mandar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarstrom L, Mikelsaar M (2005) Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 20:354\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00239.x","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T06:14:30Z","timestamp":1657606470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04522-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}