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Cytotoxicity and cellular inflammatory response were evaluated. The osteogenic potential was examined using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Film thickness, flowability, and pH were assessed. Root canal treatment was performed on human extracted teeth to evaluate the sealers\u2019 tightness towards bacterial penetration. The antibacterial activity against common pathogens in primary root canal infections was tested.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>AH was severely cytotoxic to hPDLF and hOB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The bioactive sealers were generally less cytotoxic. IL-6 levels in hPDLF were elevated in the presence of AH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). AH and GF suppressed IL-6 production in hOB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). AH and BR stimulated the PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production in hPDLF and hOB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). BR was the only sealer that led to calcium deposits in hMSC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). TF and AH showed the lowest film thickness and the highest flowability. Bacterial tightness was best in teeth filled with AH and BR. All sealers showed similar antimicrobial activity, but the overall antimicrobial efficacy was moderate as the bacteria were reduced by just one log scale (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study revealed favorable in vitro results regarding the biocompatibility of the bioactive root canal sealers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bioactive root canal sealers may be a useful alternative to epoxy resin\u2013based sealers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04570-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T22:02:40Z","timestamp":1654293760000},"page":"6209-6222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A comprehensive in vitro comparison of the biological and physicochemical properties of bioactive root canal sealers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina Noreen","family":"Wuersching","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Diegritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Hickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin Christine","family":"Huth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Kollmuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00150.x","volume":"28","author":"HA Ray","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ray HA, Trope M (1995) Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. 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