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The pulp chambers of the bilaterally first mandibular molars were exposed and left open for 21\u00a0days. The rats were divided into four groups according to different irrigation protocols. Seven days after irrigation, the mandibles were removed for micro-CT, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Statistical data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with LSD tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The passive ultrasonic irrigation and EASYDO ACTIVATOR groups had the smallest apical lesions compared to the other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while the needle irrigation group had smaller lesions than the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The EASYDO ACTIVATOR group had less inflammation infiltration compared to the control and needle irrigation groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The control and needle irrigation groups had more TNF-\u03b1 expression compared to the passive ultrasonic irrigation and EASYDO ACTIVATOR groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The lowest IL-6 expression was observed in the EASYDO ACTIVATOR group. The EASYDO ACTIVATOR group had the lowest serum level of TNF-\u03b1 than other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). IL-6 expression was significantly lower in the EASYDO ACTIVATOR group in comparison with the control and needle irrigation groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EASYDO ACTIVATOR can significantly reduce the apical lesions and decrease the inflammatory response around the periapical area.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>EASYDO ACTIVATOR is recommended for clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04677-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T15:03:21Z","timestamp":1662131001000},"page":"7157-7165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of EASYDO ACTIVATOR, passive ultrasonic, and needle irrigation techniques on the treatment of apical periodontitis: a study in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Qiong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Zhi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2010.04.007","volume":"36","author":"D Ricucci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Jr. (2010) Biofilms and apical periodontitis: study of prevalence and association with clinical and histopathologic findings. 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