{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T19:42:50Z","timestamp":1780602170153,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of oral diseases (caries, periodontal disease, enamel defects) between patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), their siblings, and a matched control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 109 patients with PKU, 14 siblings of PKU patients, and 100 healthy individuals aged 6 to 68\u00a0years were recruited. All participants completed a questionnaire based on their health status. The patients\u2019 decayed\/missing\/filled teeth index (dmft\/DMFT), gingival bleeding index (GBI), plaque control record (PCR), periodontal screening and recording index (PSR), and developmental enamel defects index (DDE) were recorded. Descriptive statistics and regression modeling were used to examine potential associations between the exposure and the outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with PKU had 1.6 times more caries (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22 to 2.20; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), seven times more enamel defects (95% CI 3.94 to 14.21; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and four times higher PSR values (95% CI 2.26 to 7.15; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the control group. The siblings had significantly fewer enamel defects but no significant differences in caries and periodontal parameters compared to the PKU patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results showed a higher risk for the development of caries, periodontitis, and enamel defects in PKU patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Implementation of preventive measures and regular dental care is necessary for patients with PKU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T17:15:59Z","timestamp":1677172559000},"page":"1981-1991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary and metabolic effects on the oral status of patients with phenylketonuria: a nation-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anne Carolin","family":"Bing\u00f6l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Memduh","family":"Bing\u00f6l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Stolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skadi","family":"Beblo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul-Georg","family":"Jost-Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"M\u00f6nch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodosia","family":"Bartzela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-007-0644-5","volume":"30","author":"JG Loeber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loeber JG (2007) Neonatal screening in Europe; the situation in 2004. J Inherit Metab Dis 30(4):430\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10545-007-0644-5","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"issue":"9750","key":"4827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60961-0","volume":"376","author":"N Blau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blau N, van Spronsen FJ, Levy HL (2010) Phenylketonuria Lancet 376(9750):1417\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60961-0","journal-title":"Phenylketonuria Lancet"},{"key":"4827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2009.10.016","volume":"99","author":"MJ de Groot","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Groot MJ, Hoeksma M, Blau N, Reijngoud DJ, van Spronsen FJ (2010) Pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in phenylketonuria: review of hypotheses. Mol Genet Metab 99:S86\u2013S89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2009.10.016","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"4827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2013.157","volume":"16","author":"J Vockley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vockley J et al (2014) Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: diagnosis and management guideline. Genet Med 16(2):188\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gim.2013.157","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024777","volume":"20","author":"MJ Thomason","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomason MJ et al (1998) A systematic review of evidence for the appropriateness of neonatal screening programmes for inborn errors of metabolism. J Public Health Med 20(3):331\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024777","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(16)30320-5","volume":"5","author":"FJ van Spronsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Spronsen FJ et al (2017) Key European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with phenylketonuria. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5(9):743\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(16)30320-5","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"4827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.32.3.338","volume":"32","author":"R Guthrie","year":"1963","unstructured":"Guthrie R, Susi A (1963) A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants. Pediatrics 32:338\u2013343","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"4827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.125","volume":"6","author":"FJ van Spronsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Spronsen FJ (2010) Phenylketonuria: a 21st century perspective. Nat Rev Endocrinol 6(9):509\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2010.125","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6790","key":"4827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(53)90473-5","volume":"265","author":"H Bickel","year":"1953","unstructured":"Bickel H, Gerrard J, Hickmans EM (1953) Influence of phenylalanine intake on phenylketonuria. Lancet 265(6790):812\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(53)90473-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0685-2","volume":"12","author":"AMJ van Wegberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Wegberg AMJ et al (2017) The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 12(1):162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-017-0685-2","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"4827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2013.179","volume":"16","author":"RH Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh RH et al (2014) Recommendations for the nutrition management of phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. Genet Med 16(2):121\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gim.2013.179","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"4827_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robertson L et al (2022) Dietetic management of adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) in the UK: a care consensus document. Nutrients 14(3):576.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14030576","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030576"},{"issue":"2","key":"4827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2016.04.008","volume":"118","author":"RH Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh RH et al (2016) Updated, web-based nutrition management guideline for PKU: An evidence and consensus based approach. Mol Genet Metab 118(2):72\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2016.04.008","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-9-7","volume":"9","author":"M Giovannini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giovannini M et al (2012) Phenylketonuria: nutritional advances and challenges. Nutr Metab (Lond) 9(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-7075-9-7","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025186217369","volume":"26","author":"A MacDonald","year":"2003","unstructured":"MacDonald A et al (2003) Administration of protein substitute and quality of control in phenylketonuria: a randomized study. J Inherit Metab Dis 26(4):319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1025186217369","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1997.00229.x","volume":"7","author":"MA Cleary","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cleary MA, Francis DE, Kilpatrick NM (1997) Oral health implications in children with inborn errors of intermediary metabolism: a review. Int J Paediatr Dent 7(3):133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-263x.1997.00229.x","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"4827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374890030022901","volume":"3","author":"GW Suckling","year":"1989","unstructured":"Suckling GW (1989) Developmental defects of enamel-historical and present-day perspectives of their pathogenesis. Adv Dent Res 3(2):87\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08959374890030022901","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4827_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.03.013","volume":"149","author":"MJ Hubbard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hubbard MJ (2018) Molar hypomineralization: what is the US experience? J Am Dent Assoc 149(5):329\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.03.013","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12229","volume":"44","author":"MJ Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silva MJ et al (2016) Etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization - a systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 44(4):342\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdoe.12229","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262637","volume":"9","author":"NA Lygidakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Marinou D (2008) Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH). A retrospective clinical study in Greek children. II. Possible medical aetiological factors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 9(4):207\u2013217","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401219","volume":"18","author":"GD Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor GD (2017) Molar incisor hypomineralisation. Evid Based Dent 18(1):15\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ebd.6401219","journal-title":"Evid Based Dent"},{"key":"4827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-021-00646-x","volume":"23","author":"E Garot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garot E, Rouas P, Somani C, Taylor GD, Wong F, Lygidakis NA (2022) An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 23:23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40368-021-00646-x","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR23","first-page":"263","volume":"68","author":"VS Lucas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucas VS, Contreras A, Loukissa M, Roberts GJ (2001) Dental disease indices and caries related oral microflora in children with phenylketonuria. ASDC J Dent Child 68(4):263\u2013267","journal-title":"ASDC J Dent Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"4827_CR24","first-page":"147","volume":"81","author":"SC de Marco","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Marco SC, Pereira RM, Raichert C, de Morais FF, de Menezes JV (2014) Developmental defects of enamel in phenylketonuria patients. J Dent Child (Chic) 81(3):147\u2013150","journal-title":"J Dent Child (Chic)"},{"issue":"7","key":"4827_CR25","first-page":"433","volume":"21","author":"NM Kilpatrick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kilpatrick NM, Awang H, Wilcken B, Christodoulou J (1999) The implication of phenylketonuria on oral health. Pediatr Dent 21(7):433\u2013437","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1564-7","volume":"20","author":"P Singh-H\u00fcsgen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh-H\u00fcsgen P, Meissner T, Bizhang M, Henrich B, Raab WH (2016) Investigation of the oral status and microorganisms in children with phenylketonuria and type 1 diabetes. Clin Oral Investig 20(4):841\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-015-1564-7","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR27","first-page":"333","volume":"32","author":"AM Moursi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moursi AM, Fernandez JB, Daronch M, Zee L, Jones CL (2010) Nutrition and oral health considerations in children with special health care needs: implications for oral health care providers. Pediatr Dent 32(4):333\u2013342","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"4827_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2019-0439","volume":"33","author":"E Ballikaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ballikaya E et al (2020) Oral health status of children with phenylketonuria. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 33(3):361\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpem-2019-0439","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"4827_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","volume":"4","author":"JP Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ et al (2007) Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 16 4(10):e297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","journal-title":"PLoS Med 16"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000279327","volume":"44","author":"M Larmas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Larmas M (2010) Has dental caries prevalence some connection with caries index values in adults? Caries Res 44(1):81\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000279327","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"4827_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2013) Oral health surveys: basic methods, 5th edn. World Health Organization, pp 42\u201347"},{"issue":"11","key":"4827_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1974.45.11.801","volume":"45","author":"HG Carter","year":"1974","unstructured":"Carter HG, Barnes GP (1974) The gingival bleeding index. J Periodontol 45(11):801\u2013805","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"4827_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1972.43.1.38","volume":"43","author":"TJ O'Leary","year":"1972","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary TJ (1972) The plaque control record. J Periodontol 43:38","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00595.x","volume":"52","author":"RG Landry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Landry RG, Jean M (2002) Periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index: precursors, utility and limitations in a clinical setting. Int Dent J 52(1):35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00595.x","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4827_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345890680030201","volume":"68","author":"J Clarkson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clarkson J, O\u2019Mullane D (1989) A modified DDE Index for use in epidemiological studies of enamel defects. J Dent Res 68(3):445\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345890680030201","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4827_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600504","volume":"86","author":"SO Griffin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Huntley V (2007) Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults. J Dent Res 86(5):410\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154405910708600504","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"4827_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034519843495","volume":"98","author":"HP Whelton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whelton HP, Spencer AJ, Do LG, Rugg-Gunn AJ (2019) Fluoride revolution and dental caries: evolution of policies for global use. J Dent Res 98(8):837\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034519843495","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"4827_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5-S.847","volume":"71","author":"American Academy of Periodontology","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Academy of Periodontology (2000) Parameter on comprehensive periodontal examination American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol 71(5 Suppl):847\u2013848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5-S.847","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4827_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00563.x","volume":"31","author":"P Axelsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Axelsson P, Nystr\u00f6m B, Lindhe B (2004) The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol 31(9):749\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00563.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4827_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1002\/jper.17-0095","volume":"89","author":"S Murakami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC (2018) Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol 89(Suppl 1):S17\u2013S27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jper.17-0095","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"4827_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01415.x","volume":"36","author":"NP Lang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lang NP, Sch\u00e4tzle MA, L\u00f6e H (2009) Gingivitis as a risk factor in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 36(Suppl 10):3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01415.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR42","first-page":"8","volume":"1","author":"K Primal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Primal K, Esther S, Boehm T (2014) Periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index scores predict periodontal diagnosis. J Dent App 1(1):8\u201312","journal-title":"J Dent App"},{"issue":"1","key":"4827_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12063","volume":"67","author":"FH Nociti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nociti FH, Casati MZ (2000) Duarte PM (2015) Current perspective of the impact of smoking on the progression and treatment of periodontitis. Periodontol 67(1):187\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12063","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4827_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12228","volume":"33","author":"N Buduneli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buduneli N, Scott DA (2018) Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol 33(4):271\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/omi.12228","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4827_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000047479","volume":"35","author":"KL Weerheijm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weerheijm KL, J\u00e4levik B, Alaluusua S (2001) Molar-incisor hypomineralisation. Caries Res 35(5):390\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000047479","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"4827_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-161","volume":"14","author":"RA Jordan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jordan RA et al (2014) The Fifth German Oral Health Study (F\u00fcnfte Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie, DMS V) - rationale, design, and methods. BMC Oral Health 14:161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6831-14-161","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"4827_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000231571","volume":"43","author":"L Hong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hong L, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Broffitt B (2009) Association between enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in primary second molars: a cohort study. Caries Res 43(5):345\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000231571","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"9555","key":"4827_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)60031-2","volume":"369","author":"RH Selwitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB (2007) Dental caries. Lancet 369(9555):51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)60031-2","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T10:10:50Z","timestamp":1683195050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04827-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The present study has obtained ethical approval from the ethics committees of the Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin (EA2\/036\/18), where the study was initiated, and the University of Leipzig (369\/18\u2013lk). The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki concerning research involving human participants were followed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants gave written consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The funding body had no role in the study design, collection, and analysis of the data.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}