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There are no previous reports or studies investigating an association between\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      PPAD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      PAD in patients with RA and their possible relationship with clinical activity markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 95 patients with RA and 95 controls were included. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured. Activity index-28 (DAS28) and SCDAI. The periodontal diagnosis was established. Presence of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . An ELISA was used to determine antibodies against citrullinated peptides of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      PAD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      frequency of 15.8% was observed in the RA group and 9.5% in the control group. Higher levels of ACPA were found in the\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients of the RA group, finding no significant difference, but if in patients positive for\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). The frequency of anti-VDK-cit and anti-LPQ-cit9 antibodies to PPAD of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was higher in the RA group than in the control group without significant difference. No relationship was found with the clinical variables despite the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      PPAD in patients with RA\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was not possible to establish a connection with clinical variables in RA and\n                      <jats:italic>P. gulae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; as a result, the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      continues to contribute significantly to the increase in antibodies against citrullinated proteins\/peptides from exogenous sources of citrullination in RA and periodontitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04964-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1683093785000},"page":"3509-3519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Porphyromonas gulae and PPAD antibodies are not related to citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo","family":"Castellar-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1846-7448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Marcela","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Chila-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-9542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson","family":"Bautista-Molano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6973-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consuelo","family":"Romero-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4964_CR1","first-page":"881","volume":"28","author":"JR Kirwan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kirwan JR (2001) Links between radiological change, disability, and pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. 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