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Demographic-socioeconomic-oral-medical conditions were obtained. Salivary and plaque\n                      <jats:italic>Candida species<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      were assessed at baseline and 1-week and 3-month follow-ups. Twenty-four salivary cytokines were assessed.\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates underwent Nystatin susceptibility test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Half of participants (10\/20) were free of salivary\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      after using Nystatin rinse. Salivary\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was significantly reduced at 3-month follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Periodontal status reflected by bleeding-on-probing was significantly improved at 1-week and 3-month follow-ups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Plaque accumulation was significantly reduced at 1-week follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Interestingly, the responses to Nystatin oral rinse were not associated with race, gender, age, oral hygiene practice, adherence to Nystatin rinse, or sweet consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). No\n                      <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were resistant to Nystatin. Furthermore, salivary cytokine eotaxin and fractalkine were significantly reduced at 3-month follow-up among participants who responded to Nystatin rinse (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study results indicate that oral antifungal treatment had an effect on\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      salivary carriage. Future clinical trials are warranted to comprehensively assess the impact of antifungal treatment on the oral flora other than\n                      <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to the potential cariogenic role of oral\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, antifungal approaches shed new light on the prevention and management of dental caries from a fungal perspective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-04969-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T15:02:52Z","timestamp":1679670172000},"page":"3557-3568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Nystatin oral rinse on oral Candida species and Streptococcus mutans among healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Aljaffary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoonji","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Alomeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naemah","family":"Alkhars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Vasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Quataert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S100795","volume":"10","author":"X Lyu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyu X, Zhao C, Yan Z-M, Hua H (2016) Efficacy of nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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