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There is no evidence on load capability after apical root resection (AR), orthodontic extrusion (OE), and surgical crown lengthening (SCL) in respect to\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CRR<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated, decoronated, and divided into 4 groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948). The following specimen preparation was performed: (I) adhesive core-and-post build-up (control), (II) as (I) and 2\u00a0mm apical root resection (AR), (III) before adhesive core-and-post build-up teeth were shortened 2\u00a0mm coronally (OE) (IV) as (I), but specimens were embedded 4\u00a0mm instead of 2\u00a0mm below the CEJ (SCL), group (V) implant-borne restoration with individual all-ceramic abutments (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912; \u22054.1\/l\u2009=\u200912\u00a0mm) (IBR). All specimens received all-ceramic crowns, thermo-mechanical (TML), and subsequent linear loading (LL) until failure.\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CRR<\/jats:sub>\n                      were calculated and log-rank, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      , ANOVA, and chi-square tests applied (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fracture loads after subsequent LL differed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) between groups, while implants showed the highest values.\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      median (min\/max) were as follows: (I) 252 (204\/542), (II) 293 (243\/443), (III) 253 (183\/371), (IV) 195 (140\/274), and (V) 446 (370\/539). Pair-wise comparison showed significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) between group I\/IV and group V, I, and IV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045), II and IV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and III compared to IV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033), respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CRR<\/jats:sub>\n                      below 1 significantly increased load capability compared to\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CRR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OE appears to preferably ensure biomechanical stability of teeth that are endodontically treated and receive core-and-post and crown placement compared to SCL. AR has no adverse biomechanical impact.\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CRR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20091 is biomechanically beneficial.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For endodontically treated and restored teeth, orthodontic extrusion should be preferred compared to surgical crown lengthening prior single-crown restoration. As orthodontic extrusion, apical root resection has no adverse effect on load capability. Single-crown implant-borne restorations are most load capable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05057-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T02:57:24Z","timestamp":1683773844000},"page":"4379-4387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of apical root resection, orthodontic extrusion, and surgical crown lengthening on load capability"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Naumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Adali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rosentritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Happe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Frankenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sterzenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5057_CR1","first-page":"e106","volume":"38","author":"R Goga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goga R, Purton DG (2007) The use of endodontically treated teeth as abutments for crowns, fixed partial dentures, or removable partial dentures: a literature review. 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