{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:37:42Z","timestamp":1793723862892,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bern"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives\n<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to histologically evaluate the healing at 8\u00a0weeks after coronally advanced flap (CAF) with either a superficial (SCTG) or deep palatal connective tissue graft (DCTG), or a collagen matrix (CM) to cover recession defects at teeth and implants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One mandibular side of 6 miniature pigs received each 3 titanium implants 12\u00a0weeks after extraction. Eight weeks later, recession defects were created around implants and contralateral premolars and 4\u00a0weeks later randomly subjected to CAF\u2009+\u2009SCTG, CAF\u2009+\u2009DCTG, or CAF\u2009+\u2009CM. After 8\u00a0weeks, block biopsies were histologically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the primary outcome, i.e., keratinization of the epithelium, all teeth and implants exhibited a keratinized epithelium with no histological differences among them also not in terms of statistically significant differences in length (SCTG 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92\u00a0mm, DCTG 1.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.62\u00a0mm, and Cm, 1.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.76\u00a0mm). Pocket formation was histologically seen at all teeth, around most implants with SCTG and DCTG, however not in the CM implant group. The connective tissue grafts showed hardly signs of degradation, whereas the CM was partly degraded and integrated in connective tissue. The mean gain in gingival height was similar in all experimental groups (SCTG 3.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.80\u00a0mm, DCTG 4.01\u2009\u00b1\u20091.40\u00a0mm, CM 4.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64\u00a0mm). Statistically significant differences were found in the height of the junctional epithelium between the control teeth and the connective tissue groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009 and 0.044).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this animal model, the use of either a superficial or deep connective tissue graft or a collagen membrane did not seem to have any impact on the epithelial keratinization around both teeth and implants. All procedures (CAF\u2009+\u2009SCTG\/DCTG\/CM) resulted in a long JE that was even longer at implants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Deep\/superficial palatal connective tissue graft yielded similar keratinization around teeth\/implants. Given the absence of pocket formation and inflammatory processes at implants when using a CM, CAF\u2009+\u2009CM might bear potential clinical benefits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05080-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]],"date-time":"2023-06-10T05:01:37Z","timestamp":1686373297000},"page":"4553-4566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effect of connective tissue graft or a collagen matrix on epithelial differentiation around teeth and implants: a preclinical study in minipigs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"St\u00e4hli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"P\u00e1rk\u00e1nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Aroca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stavropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Sculean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter D.","family":"Bosshardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 15","key":"5080_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12206","volume":"41","author":"A Sculean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sculean A, Gruber R, Bosshardt DD (2014) Soft tissue wound healing around teeth and dental implants. 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The study was approved by the local Committee for Animal Research, University of Szeged, Hungary No 1-74-2\/2015 MAB.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Sofia Aroca, Anton Sculean, and Frank Schwarz received a grant from the Osteology Foundation (13-101). The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}