{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1785515591344,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To detect and evaluate early signs of apical periodontitis using MRI based on a 3D short-tau-inversion-recovery (STIR) sequence compared to conventional panoramic radiography (OPT) and periapical radiographs in patients with apical periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with clinical evidence of periodontal disease were enrolled prospectively and received OPT as well as MRI of the viscerocranium including a 3D-STIR sequence. The MRI sequences were assessed for the occurrence and extent of bone changes associated with apical periodontitis including bone edema, periradicular cysts, and dental granulomas. OPTs and intraoral periapical radiographs, if available, were assessed for corresponding periapical radiolucencies using the periapical index (PAI).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In total, 232 teeth of 37 patients (mean age 62\u00b113.9 years, 18 women) were assessed. In 69 cases reactive bone edema was detected on MRI with corresponding radiolucency according to OPT. In 105 cases edema was detected without corresponding radiolucency on OPT. The overall extent of edema measured on MRI was significantly larger compared to the radiolucency on OPT (mean: STIR 2.4\u00b11.4 mm, dental radiograph 1.3\u00b11.2 mm, OPT 0.8\u00b11.1 mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.01). The overall PAI score was significantly higher on MRI compared to OPT (mean PAI: STIR 1.9\u00b10.7, dental radiograph 1.3\u00b10.5, OPT 1.2\u00b10.7, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early detection and assessment of bone changes of apical periodontitis using MRI was feasible while the extent of bone edema measured on MRI exceeded the radiolucencies measured on OPT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In clinical routine, dental MRI might be useful for early detection and assessment of apical periodontitis before irreversible bone loss is detected on conventional panoramic and intraoral periapical radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T20:24:23Z","timestamp":1689711863000},"page":"5403-5412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of 3D MRI for early detection of bone edema associated with apical periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Georg C.","family":"Feuerriegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannik","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gintare","family":"Burian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Griesbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caspar","family":"Bumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian A.","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios C.","family":"Karampinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Folwaczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13467","volume":"54","author":"CS Tib\u00farcio-Machado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tib\u00farcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS et al (2021) The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 54(5):712\u2013735","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5159_CR2","first-page":"54","volume":"5","author":"K Karamifar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karamifar K, Tondari A, Saghiri MA (2020) Endodontic periapical lesion: an overview on the etiology, diagnosis and current treatment modalities. Eur Endod J 5(2):54\u201367","journal-title":"Eur Endod J"},{"key":"5159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13828","volume":"55","author":"E Cotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cotti E, Schirru E (2022) Present status and future directions: imaging techniques for the detection of periapical lesions. Int Endod J 55:1085\u20131099","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(68)90163-1","volume":"25","author":"ER Lalonde","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lalonde ER, Luebke RG (1968) The frequency and distribution of periapical cysts and granulomas. An evaluation of 800 specimens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 25(6):861\u2013868","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"5159_CR5","first-page":"100","volume":"21","author":"A Shteyer","year":"1972","unstructured":"Shteyer A, Rozovsky E (1972) Periapical lesions--types, incidence and clinical features. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim 21:100\u2013103","journal-title":"Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim"},{"issue":"12","key":"5159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1989.60.12.716","volume":"60","author":"LC Parrish","year":"1989","unstructured":"Parrish LC, Kretzschmar DP, Swan RH (1989) Osteomyelitis associated with chronic periodontitis: a report of three cases. J Periodontol 60(12):716\u2013722","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13634","volume":"55","author":"D Sebring","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sebring D, Buhlin K, Norhammar A, Ryd\u00e9n L et al (2022) Endodontic inflammatory disease: a risk indicator for a first myocardial infarction. Int Endod J 55(1):6\u201317","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"6","key":"5159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.130322","volume":"94","author":"D Figdor","year":"2002","unstructured":"Figdor D (2002) Apical periodontitis: a very prevalent problem. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol 94(6):651\u2013652","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(07)60102-4","volume":"98","author":"M Torabinejad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torabinejad M, Anderson P, Bader J, Brown LJ et al (2007) Outcomes of root canal treatment and restoration, implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and extraction without replacement: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 98(4):285\u2013311","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2009.12.007","volume":"54","author":"E Cotti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cotti E (2010) Advanced techniques for detecting lesions in bone. Dent Clin North Am 54(2):215\u2013235","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"5159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-021-00549-z","volume":"38","author":"M Mostafapoor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mostafapoor M, Hemmatian S (2022) Evaluation of the accuracy values of cone-beam CT regarding apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Radiol 38(3):309\u2013314","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.6.01841829","volume":"184","author":"GA Sempere","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sempere GA, Martinez Sanjuan V, Medina Chulia E, Benages A et al (2005) MRI evaluation of inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184(6):1829\u20131835","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5159_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050305","volume":"26","author":"TT Miller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miller TT, Randolph DA Jr, Staron RB, Feldman F et al (1997) Fat-suppressed MRI of musculoskeletal infection: fast T2-weighted techniques versus gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. Skeletal Radiol 26(11):654\u2013658","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13299","volume":"47","author":"A Juerchott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juerchott A, Sohani M, Schwindling FS, Jende JME et al (2020) In vivo accuracy of dental magnetic resonance imaging in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement: a feasibility study in humans. J Clin Periodontol 47(7):809\u2013815","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-018-0017-y","volume":"10","author":"A Juerchott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Juerchott A, Pfefferle T, Flechtenmacher C, Mente J et al (2018) Differentiation of periapical granulomas and cysts by using dental MRI: a pilot study. Int J Oral Sci 10(2):17","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1499959","volume":"77","author":"M Ruetters","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruetters M, Juerchott A, El Sayed N, Heiland S et al (2019) Dental magnetic resonance imaging for periodontal indication - a new approach of imaging residual periodontal bone support. Acta Odontol Scand 77(1):49\u201354","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"5159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13374","volume":"47","author":"A Juerchott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juerchott A, Sohani M, Schwindling FS, Jende JME et al (2020) Comparison of non-contrast-enhanced dental magnetic resonance imaging and cone-beam computed tomography in assessing the horizontal and vertical components of furcation defects in maxillary molars: an in vivo feasibility study. J Clin Periodontol 47(12):1485\u20131495","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160295","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160295","volume":"46","author":"RD Newbould","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newbould RD, Bishop CA, Janiczek RL, Parkinson C et al (2017) T2 relaxation mapping MRI of healthy and inflamed gingival tissue. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 46(2):20160295","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/75262837","volume":"38","author":"R Schara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schara R, Sersa I, Skaleric U (2009) T1 relaxation time and magnetic resonance imaging of inflamed gingival tissue. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 38(4):216\u2013223","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13458","volume":"48","author":"M Probst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Probst M, Burian E, Robl T, Weidlich D et al (2021) Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease: a prospective study with correlation to standard clinical findings-Is there added value? J Clin Periodontol 48(7):929\u2013948","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9596","key":"5159_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ et al (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370(9596):1453\u20131457","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"5159_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13362","volume":"53","author":"C Gurhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurhan C, Sener E, Mert A, Sen GB (2020) Evaluation of factors affecting the association between thickening of sinus mucosa and the presence of periapical lesions using cone beam CT. Int Endod J 53(10):1339\u20131347","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31823d7946","volume":"47","author":"M Notohamiprodjo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Notohamiprodjo M, Kuschel B, Horng A, Paul D et al (2012) 3D-MRI of the ankle with optimized 3D-SPACE. Invest Radiol 47(4):231\u2013239","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5159_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2017.10.2.197","volume":"10","author":"MA Geibel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geibel MA, Schreiber E, Bracher AK, Hell E et al (2017) Characterisation of apical bone lesions: comparison of MRI and CBCT with histological findings - a case series. Eur J Oral Implantol 10(2):197\u2013211","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Implantol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1385808","volume":"187","author":"MA Geibel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geibel MA, Schreiber ES, Bracher AK, Hell E et al (2015) Assessment of apical periodontitis by MRI: a feasibility study. Rofo 187(4):269\u2013275","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"issue":"3","key":"5159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.11.023","volume":"34","author":"C Estrela","year":"2008","unstructured":"Estrela C, Bueno MR, Leles CR, Azevedo B et al (2008) Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic and periapical radiography for detection of apical periodontitis. J Endod 34(3):273\u2013279","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"5159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groenke BR, Idiyatullin D, Gaalaas L, Petersen A et al (2023) Sensitivity and specificity of MRI versus CBCT to detect vertical root fractures using microCT as a reference standard. J Endod","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2023.03.011"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220333","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220333","volume":"52","author":"T Flugge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flugge T, Gross C, Ludwig U, Schmitz J et al (2023) Dental MRI-only a future vision or standard of care? A literature review on current indications and applications of MRI in dentistry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 52(4):20220333","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22496","volume":"56","author":"E Jimenez-Boj","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jimenez-Boj E, Nobauer-Huhmann I, Hanslik-Schnabel B, Dorotka R et al (2007) Bone erosions and bone marrow edema as defined by magnetic resonance imaging reflect true bone marrow inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 56(4):1118\u20131124","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T04:05:54Z","timestamp":1694232354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05159-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures were conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion. The prospective analysis was approved by our institutional review boards (Technical University of Munich: Ref.-No.185\/18 S and Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich: Ref.-No. 18-657). The study was retrospectively registered at the DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00020761).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}