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Furthermore, to examine the relationship between the thickness ratio of SFC core to particulate-filled composite (PFC) veneering and the fracture-behavior of bilayered-structured restorations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 120 molars were used to create MOD cavities, with palatal cusps removed. Four different groups of direct overlays were then made (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915\/group), all of which featured a SFC core (everX Flow) with varying thicknesses (0, 1, 4, and 5\u00a0mm), as well as a surface layer of PFC (G-aenial Posterior), with the overall thickness of the bilayered-structured restoration set at 5\u00a0mm. Additionally, four groups of CAD\/CAM restorations were created (Cerasmart 270 and Initial LiSi Block), with or without 2\u00a0mm of SFC core reinforcement. Following the fabrication of these restorations, cyclic fatigue aging was carried out for a total of 500,000 cycles, with an applied maximum load (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of 150 N. Subsequently, each restoration underwent quasi-static loading until fracture. The fracture mode was subsequently evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were no statistically significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) observed in the fracture resistance of indirect overlays reinforced with a 2-mm SFC core compared to those made solely from restorative materials. Direct overlays constructed using plain SFC or with a 4-mm layer thickness of SFC core exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance values (2674\u2009\u00b1\u2009465 and 2537\u2009\u00b1\u2009561 N) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) when compared to all other groups tested, according to the statistical analysis ANOVA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most effective method for restoring large MOD cavities was found to be direct restoration using SFC either alone or as a bulk core in combination with PFC composite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of SFC as bulk reinforcing base will significantly improve the loading performance of directly layered restorations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05164-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T06:01:28Z","timestamp":1689919288000},"page":"5449-5458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of fracture behavior in short fiber\u2013reinforced direct and indirect overlay restorations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Garoushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. \u00d6.","family":"Akba\u015fak-Sungur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Erkut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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