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A critical step for successful CAS is mirroring the unaffected side to create a template for the virtual reconstruction of the injured anatomical structure. The aim was to identify specific anatomical landmarks of the midfacial skeleton, to evaluate the symmetry in a group of the real-world Central European population, and to use these landmarks to assess midfacial symmetry in CT scans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The retrospective cross-sectional study defined landmarks of the midface\u2019s bony contour using viscerocranial CT data. The distances of the skeletal landmarks (e.g., the frontozygomatic suture and temporozygomatic suture) of the left and right sides from the midline were measured and statistically compared. Midfacial symmetry for reference points was defined as a difference within 0\u00a0mm and their mean difference plus one standard deviation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We examined a total of 101 CT scans. 75% of our population shows symmetrical proportions of the midface. The means of the differences for the left and right sides ranged from 0.8 to 1.3\u00a0mm, averaging 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0mm for all skeletal landmarks. The standard deviations ranged from 0.6 to 1.4\u00a0mm, with a computed mean of 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We established a methodology to assess the symmetry of the bony midface. If the determined differences were equal to or lower than 2.5\u00a0mm in the mentioned midfacial skeletal landmarks, then the symmetry of the bony midface was considered present, and symmetry-based methods for CAS procedures are applicable.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Many CAS procedures require facial symmetry. We provide an easy-to-apply method to probe for symmetry of the midface. The method may be used for population-based research, to check for proper reduction of fractures after reposition or to screen for symmetry prior to CAS planning.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05185-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T07:01:26Z","timestamp":1691046086000},"page":"5637-5647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Probing real-world Central European population midfacial skeleton symmetry for maxillofacial surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9324-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Franke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth Claudia","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Kitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/0301006618813035","volume":"48","author":"M Tsikandilakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsikandilakis M, Bali P, Chapman P (2019) Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the appraisal of facial attractiveness and its relation to conscious awareness. 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