{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:35:47Z","timestamp":1789760147350,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Method-dependent comparison of antimicrobial agents\u2019 efficacy against oral pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several sodium hypochlorite solutions (NaOCl)\u2014Perisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Carisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Dakin\u2019s solution\u2014were equated with chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) against ten oral micro-organisms related to caries and periodontitis using different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques. Agents were adjusted to the final 70 mmol\/L concentration of active chlorine molecule.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Apart from H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the amino acids of Perisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, all the agents revealed an antimicrobial effect. Agar diffusion test ranked CHX (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) as the most effective against all ten specimens, followed by the NaOCl of Perisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Dakin\u2019s solution. Correspondingly, in broth microdilution on agar, CHX was the most effective in eradicating micro-organisms at 0.03 mmol\/L compared with 2.2 mmol\/L of Dakin\u2019s solution. In contrast, the bactericidal concentration of Dakin\u2019s solution was the most effective at 0.2 mmol\/L, (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), followed by Perisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (2.14 mmol\/L), CHX (2.38 mmol\/L) and Carisolv<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (3.33 mmol\/L) after 5 and 10 min in broth dilution test. In live\/dead analysis, 60-min exposure to a 2-fold concentration of agents resulted in two-log <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> inhibition by CHX (35 mmol\/L) whilst <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> was more susceptible, in 0.8 and 8.8 mmol\/L, after 10 min to CHX and Dakin\u2019s respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Replacement of CHX with tested hypochlorite agents showed evident potential and promoted rapid antimicrobial effect.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Effective antimicrobial agents are crucial in controlling pathogen-induced oral infections increasing clinical possibilities to combat oral biofilms. Additionally, CHX substitution with hypochlorite agents could eliminate CHX\u2019s adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T06:01:50Z","timestamp":1692684110000},"page":"5695-5707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine agents against selected oral pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ulrica Scherdin","family":"Almh\u00f6jd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lehrkinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Marie","family":"Roos-Jans\u00e5ker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lingstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.03.002","volume":"54","author":"PD Marsh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marsh PD (2010) Microbiology of dental plaque biofilms and their role in oral health and caries. Dent Clin N Am 54(3):441\u2013454","journal-title":"Dent Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"5190_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2837-2848.2006","volume":"72","author":"PI Diaz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diaz PI, Chalmers NI, Rickard AH, Kong C, Milburn CL, Palmer RJ Jr et al (2006) Molecular characterization of subject-specific oral microflora during initial colonization of enamel. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(4):2837\u20132848","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"5190_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.09.009","volume":"94","author":"AP Vieira Colombo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira Colombo AP, Magalh\u00e3es CB, Hartenbach FA, Martins do Souto R, Maciel da Silva-Boghossian C. (2016) Periodontal-disease-associated biofilm: a reservoir for pathogens of medical importance. Microb Pathog 94:27\u201334","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"16","key":"5190_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.05.016","volume":"431","author":"AM Valm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valm AM (2019) The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. J Mol Biol 431(16):2957\u20132969","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5190_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","volume":"16","author":"RJ Lamont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lamont RJ, Koo H, Hajishengallis G (2018) The oral microbiota: dynamic communities and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 16(12):745\u2013759","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5190_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02810-6","volume":"23","author":"R Durand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Durand R, Roufegarinejad A, Chandad F, Rompr\u00e9 PH, Voyer R, Michalowicz BS et al (2019) Dental caries are positively associated with periodontal disease severity. Clin Oral Investig 23(10):3811\u20133819","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"5190_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.05.023","volume":"71","author":"CM Ueno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ueno CM, Mullens CL, Luh JH, Wooden WA (2018) Historical review of Dakin\u2019s solution applications. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 71(9):e49\u2013e55","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00902.x","volume":"25","author":"GH Bowden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bowden GH (1997) Does assessment of microbial composition of plaque\/saliva allow for diagnosis of disease activity of individuals? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 25(1):76\u201381","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"5190_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.066134-0","volume":"159","author":"JA Lemos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lemos JA, Quivey RG, Koo H, Abranches J (2013) Streptococcus mutans: a new Gram-positive paradigm? Microbiology (Reading) 159(Pt 3):436\u2013445","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"5190_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111586","volume":"224","author":"K Stokowa-So\u0142tys","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stokowa-So\u0142tys K, Wojtkowiak K, Jagie\u0142\u0142o K (2021) Fusobacterium nucleatum - friend or foe? J Inorg Biochem 224:111586","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"5190_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3754","DOI":"10.5504\/BBEQ.2013.0027","volume":"27","author":"C Popova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Popova C, Dosseva-Panova V, Panov V (2013) Microbiology of periodontal diseases. A review Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 27:3754\u20133759","journal-title":"A review Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment"},{"issue":"4","key":"5190_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000443","volume":"163","author":"RN Besingi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Besingi RN, Wenderska IB, Senadheera DB, Cvitkovitch DG, Long JR, Wen ZT et al (2017) Functional amyloids in Streptococcus mutans, their use as targets of biofilm inhibition and initial characterization of SMU_63c. Microbiology (Reading) 163(4):488\u2013501","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5190_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00296.x","volume":"30","author":"AM Roos-Jans\u00e5ker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roos-Jans\u00e5ker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J (2003) Treatment of peri-implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol 30(6):467\u2013485","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12219","volume":"50","author":"S Gonzalez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez S, Cohen CL, Galv\u00e1n M, Alonaizan FA, Rich SK, Slots J (2015) Gingival bleeding on probing: relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse. J Periodontal Res 50(3):397\u2013402","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"supp1 1","key":"5190_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0026","volume":"34","author":"RG Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer RG, Lira Junior R, Retamal-Valdes B, Figueiredo LC, Malheiros Z, Stewart B et al (2020) Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section V: Treatment of periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 34(supp1 1):e026","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"5190_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.08.015","volume":"68","author":"P Milgrom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milgrom P, Horst JA, Ludwig S, Rothen M, Chaffee BW, Lyalina S et al (2018) Topical silver diamine fluoride for dental caries arrest in preschool children: a randomized controlled trial and microbiological analysis of caries associated microbes and resistance gene expression. J Dent 68:72\u201378","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","volume":"12","author":"G McDonnell","year":"1999","unstructured":"McDonnell G, Russell AD (1999) Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 12(1):147\u2013179","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5190_CR18","volume-title":"7.4.2 Oxidizing agents. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance","author":"G McDonnell","year":"2017","unstructured":"McDonnell G (2017 Oct) 7.4.2 Oxidizing agents. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. American Society for Microbiology (ASM)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR19","first-page":"438","volume":"78","author":"J Cosyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cosyn J, Sabzevar MM (2007) Subgingival chlorhexidine varnish administration as an adjunct to same-day full-mouth root planing. II Microbiological observations J Periodontol 78(3):438\u2013445","journal-title":"II Microbiological observations J Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5190_CR20","first-page":"399","volume":"61","author":"E Varoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Varoni E, Tarce M, Lodi G, Carrassi A (2012) Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art. Minerva Stomatol 61(9):399\u2013419","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5190_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.2341\/08-3","volume":"33","author":"J Autio-Gold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Autio-Gold J (2008) The role of chlorhexidine in caries prevention. Oper Dent 33(6):710\u2013716","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050141","volume":"77","author":"CA G\u00fcrgan","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00fcrgan CA, Zaim E, Bakirsoy I, Soykan E (2006) Short-term side effects of 0.2% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinse used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a double-blind clinical study. J Periodontol 77(3):370\u2013384","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"5190_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S207980","volume":"13","author":"C Chiewchalermsri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiewchalermsri C, Sompornrattanaphan M, Wongsa C, Thongngarm T (2020) Chlorhexidine allergy: current challenges and future prospects. J Asthma Allergy 13:127\u2013133","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"5","key":"5190_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.00004.x","volume":"37","author":"J Slots","year":"2002","unstructured":"Slots J (2002) Selection of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 37(5):389\u2013398","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.11.007","volume":"71","author":"P Rosas-Ledesma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rosas-Ledesma P, Mariscal A, Carnero M, Mu\u00f1oz-Bravo C, Gomez-Aracena J, Aguilar L et al (2009) Antimicrobial efficacy in vivo of a new formulation of 2-butanone peroxide in n-propanol: comparison with commercial products in a cross-over trial. J Hosp Infect 71(3):223\u2013227","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5190_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242009000500007","volume":"23","author":"RP Teles","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teles RP, Teles FR (2009) Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control? Braz Oral Res 23(Suppl 1):39\u201348","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"5190_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.01.015","volume":"57","author":"R B\u00fcrgers","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00fcrgers R, Witecy C, Hahnel S, Gosau M (2012) The effect of various topical peri-implantitis antiseptics on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Arch Oral Biol 57(7):940\u2013947","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-011-0567-2","volume":"16","author":"S Eick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eick S, Radakovic S, Pfister W, Nietzsche S, Sculean A (2012) Efficacy of taurolidine against periodontopathic species--an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 16(3):735\u2013744","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"5190_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12604","volume":"50","author":"PN Tawakoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tawakoli PN, Ragnarsson KT, Rechenberg DK, Mohn D, Zehnder M (2017) Effect of endodontic irrigants on biofilm matrix polysaccharides. Int Endod J 50(2):153\u2013160","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5190_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.12.021","volume":"42","author":"LS Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves LS, Rodrigues RC, Andrade Junior CV, Soares RG, Vettore MV (2016) The effect of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine as irrigant solutions for root canal disinfection: a systematic review of clinical trials. J Endod 42(4):527\u2013532","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR31","first-page":"5","volume":"61","author":"S Gonzalez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gonzalez S (2013) Review of the literature on sodium hypochlorite as a treatment modality in periodontal disease. J West Soc Periodontol Periodontal Abstr 61(1):5\u20139","journal-title":"J West Soc Periodontol Periodontal Abstr"},{"issue":"6","key":"5190_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12151","volume":"49","author":"M Galv\u00e1n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galv\u00e1n M, Gonzalez S, Cohen CL, Alonaizan FA, Chen CT, Rich SK et al (2014) Periodontal effects of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse. A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 49(6):696\u2013702","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1956","volume":"14","author":"MA Asal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asal MA, Abdellatif AM, Hammouda HE (2021) Clinical and microbiological assessment of carisolv and polymer bur for selective caries removal in primary molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 14(3):357\u2013363","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5190_CR34","first-page":"147","volume":"7","author":"S Fure","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fure S, Lingstr\u00f6m P (2009) Evaluation of different fluoride treatments of initial root carious lesions in vivo. Oral Health Prev Dent 7(2):147\u2013154","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"5190_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e920513","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.920513","volume":"26","author":"P Kubasiewicz-Ross","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Hadzik J, Gedrange T, Dominiak M, Jurczyszyn K, Pitu\u0142aj A et al (2020) Antimicrobial efficacy of different decontamination methods as tested on dental implants with various types of surfaces. Med Sci Monit 26:e920513","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000070446","volume":"37","author":"A Lager","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lager A, Thornqvist E, Ericson D (2003) Cultivatable bacteria in dentine after caries excavation using rose-bur or carisolv. Caries Res 37(3):206\u2013211","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02453-2","volume":"22","author":"O Aherne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aherne O, Ortiz R, Fazli MM, Davies JR (2022) Effects of stabilized hypochlorous acid on oral biofilm bacteria. BMC Oral Health 22(1):415","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"5190_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.91.6.835","volume":"91","author":"L Simchowitz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Simchowitz L (1988) Interactions of bromide, iodide, and fluoride with the pathways of chloride transport and diffusion in human neutrophils. J Gen Physiol 91(6):835\u2013860","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses2030019","volume":"2","author":"CMC Andr\u00e9s","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s CMC, P\u00e9rez de la Lastra JM, Juan CA, Plou FJ, P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a E (2022) Chemistry of hydrogen peroxide formation and elimination in mammalian cells, and its role in various pathologies. Stresses 2(3):256\u2013274","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"5190_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0016-x","volume":"25","author":"CL Hawkins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hawkins CL, Pattison DI, Davies MJ (2003) Hypochlorite-induced oxidation of amino acids, peptides and proteins. Amino Acids 25(3-4):259\u2013274","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"5190_CR41","first-page":"222","volume":"25","author":"AKSH Abdel-Fattah","year":"1971","unstructured":"Abdel-Fattah AKSH (1971) Action of sodium hypochlorite on a-amino acids. Chem Zvesti 25:222\u2013230","journal-title":"Chem Zvesti"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.105291","volume":"16","author":"N Luddin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luddin N, Ahmed HM (2013) The antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis: a review on agar diffusion and direct contact methods. J Conserv Dent 16(1):9\u201316","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"5190_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn125","volume":"61","author":"G M\u00fcller","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00fcller G, Kramer A (2008) Biocompatibility index of antiseptic agents by parallel assessment of antimicrobial activity and cellular cytotoxicity. J Antimicrob Chemother 61(6):1281\u20131287","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"5190_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402007000400004","volume":"18","author":"CC Ferraz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ferraz CC, Gomes BP, Zaia AA, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ (2007) Comparative study of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine gel, chlorhexidine solution and sodium hypochlorite as endodontic irrigants. Braz Dent J 18(4):294\u2013298","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X18811974","volume":"47","author":"BT Doolan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doolan BT, Crilly HM (2019) Chlorhexidine wipes: time to stop and think about allergy. Anaesth Intensive Care 47(1):90\u201395","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"5190_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.11.147","volume":"11","author":"S Fukuzaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fukuzaki S (2006) Mechanisms of actions of sodium hypochlorite in cleaning and disinfection processes. Biocontrol Sci 11(4):147\u2013157","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"5190_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042984","volume":"7","author":"K Akong-Moore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akong-Moore K, Chow OA, von K\u00f6ckritz-Blickwede M, Nizet V (2012) Influences of chloride and hypochlorite on neutrophil extracellular trap formation. PLoS One 7(8):e42984","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5190_CR48","volume-title":"Chemistry","author":"SS Zumdahl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zumdahl SS (2010) Chemistry, 8th edn. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt","edition":"8"},{"key":"5190_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams M. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th M.J. O'Neil , Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge,UK ISBN 9781849736701; 2708 pages. April 2013, $150 with 1-year free access to The Merck Index Online. Drug Development Research. 2013;74(5):339-.","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21085"},{"issue":"1","key":"5190_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1361-4","volume":"46","author":"J Marcinkiewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marcinkiewicz J, Kontny E (2014) Taurine and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids 46(1):7\u201320","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"5190_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769409056566","volume":"21","author":"PA Clapp","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clapp PA, Davies MJ, French MS, Gilbert BC (1994) The bactericidal action of peroxides; an E.P.R. spin-trapping study. Free Radic Res 21(3):147\u2013167","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"5190_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Melc\u00f3n C, Alonso-Calleja C, Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez C, Carballo J, Capita R (2021) Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for twelve antimicrobials (biocides and antibiotics) in eight strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Biology (Basel) 11(1)","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11010046"},{"issue":"2","key":"5190_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13780","volume":"125","author":"P Brun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brun P, Bernab\u00e8 G, Marchiori C, Scarpa M, Zuin M, Cavazzana R et al (2018) Antibacterial efficacy and mechanisms of action of low power atmospheric pressure cold plasma: membrane permeability, biofilm penetration and antimicrobial sensitization. J Appl Microbiol 125(2):398\u2013408","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1694232721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-023-05190-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate."}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}