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A multidisciplinary approach based on Raman microspectroscopy (RMS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) was exploited.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912 human molars with natural WSLs in the proximal-vestibular zone were selected and divided into 4 groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) according to the different treatments: HAF (hydroxyapatite with fluoride ions); SMF (sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine); SF (sodium fluoride with enzymes), and CTRL (untreated group). All toothpastes tested contained 1450\u00a0ppm of fluoride. Teeth samples were submitted to the following protocol: a 7-day pH cycling treatment, with two daily exposures (2\u00a0min each time) to the commercial toothpastes described above. The surface micromorphology (SEM), the chemical\/elemental composition (RMS and EDS), and the Vickers microhardness (VMH) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A remarkable remineralization of WSLs in SEM images was observed in all treated groups compared to CTRL. In particular, HAF and SF displayed higher values of VMH, phosphates amount (I<jats:sub>960<\/jats:sub>), crystallinity (FWHM<jats:sub>960<\/jats:sub>), and lower ones of C\/P (I<jats:sub>1070<\/jats:sub>\/I<jats:sub>960<\/jats:sub>) with respect to CTRL. Intermediate values were found in SMF, higher than CTRL but lower with respect to HAF and SF. As regards the Ca\/P ratio, statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were found between SF and the other groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All the tested dentifrices have shown to remineralize the WSLs.\u00a0SF and HAF have comparable capability in hardness recovery and crystallinity; however, SF shows the best remineralizing potential according to both micromorphological and chemical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Clinical relevance<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The daily use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite partially replaced with fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate with arginine and sodium fluoride toothpaste associated with enzymes represents a preventive, therapeutic, effective, and non-invasive tool for remineralize\u00a0WSLs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05334-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T22:01:20Z","timestamp":1697752880000},"page":"7451-7462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Multidisciplinary evaluation of the remineralization potential of three fluoride-based toothpastes on natural white spot lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Orilisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Notarstefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Furlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Riberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Monterubbianesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Bellezze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Carrouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Putignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"5334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3290\/j.ohpd.a35745","volume":"14","author":"Z Abdullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdullah Z, John J (2016) Minimally invasive treatment of white spot lesions\u2013a systematic review. 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Authors confirm that the submitted work, including images, is original and the journal policies have been reviewed. There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}