{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:49:30Z","timestamp":1768560570979,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Since 2002, patients with statutory health insurance in Germany must undergo an assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the \"Kieferorthop\u00e4dische Indikationsguppen\" (KIG; orthodontic indication groups) classification system. According to this system, tooth and jaw misalignment are divided into 11 subgroups and five grades. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of KIG classifications in patients with statutory insurance of a German orthodontic practice (North Rhine, Germany) and to analyze changes over a 20-year period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Since the introduction of the KIG index in 2002, 4940 statutorily insured patients over a 20-year period (2330\u00a0m, 2610 f, min 3.2, max 49.5\u00a0years, peak between 10 and 12\u00a0years) were classified at their first appointment. According to the valid guidelines of the statutory health insurance (GKV), the division was made into the highest possible KIG classification. Multiple entries were thus not made. In accordance with the operating cycles of the practice, the progression was divided into four 5-year periods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Over a 20-year period, 24.98% of the patients were assigned to the classification \"D\". 86.52% of the patients were among the 6 most frequently (\"D\", \"E\", \"K\", \"S\", \"P\" and \"M\",\u2009&gt;\u200910% each) and only 13.49% among the 5 least frequently recorded classifications (\"U\", \"B\", \"T\", \"O\" and \"A\",\u2009&lt;\u20095% each).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The distribution of the 6 most frequent and the 5 least frequent KIG classifications was constant over a 20-year-period. Among all possible tooth and jaw misalignment variants, the sagittal classifications \"D\" and \"M\" represent the most frequent malocclusions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The results and their comparison with historical data show that both frequency and severity of tooth and jaw misalignment with orthodontic treatment need appear identical for patients with statutory health insurance over a 20-year period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05368-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T03:02:02Z","timestamp":1701226922000},"page":"7787-7797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Frequency and severity of malocclusions in patients with statutory health insurance in a German orthodontic practice in North Rhine Westphalia \u2013 a multi-part cross-sectional study over a 20-year period"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gero Stefan Michael","family":"Kinzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrijana","family":"Maletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1602-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg Alexander","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.33458","volume":"25","author":"V Dhar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dhar V, Jain A, Van Dyke TE, Kohli A (2007) Prevalence of gingival diseases, malocclusion and fluorosis in school-going children of rural areas in Udaipur district. 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Ethical approval for this retrospective and anonymized study isn\u2019t necessary according to the statues of the Saarland Ethical committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}