{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:13:32Z","timestamp":1789269212280,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare four commercially available Essix-type retainers in terms of longevity, wear characteristics, stiffness and their range of rigidity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic> v<jats:italic>itro<\/jats:italic> study was conducted at Queen Mary University of London. Four groups of thermoplastic materials were included: Duran (PETG), Essix C\u2009+\u2009(Polypropylene), Vivera and Zendura (Polyurethane). A working typodont was fabricated to evaluate surface wear characteristics using a wear machine with a customized jig. Retainers were measured for tensile test, and water absorption was measured at five different time points up to 6\u00a0months after initial immersion in two different physical states and two different solutions. Hydrolytic degradation was also evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Essix C\u2009+\u2009was the most flexible retainer with Vivera the stiffest material. Zendura and Essix C\u2009+\u2009had the most surface wear (413\u00a0\u03bcm\u2009\u00b1\u200980 and 652\u00a0\u03bcm\u2009\u00b1\u200912, respectively) with absorption rates of up to 15 wt% in artificial saliva occurring with Zendura. Only Essix C\u2009+\u2009displayed signs of degradation following water absorption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All materials had characteristic levels of flexibility and were susceptible to water absorption. Duran 1.5\u00a0mm performed similarly to Vivera in relation to stiffness and wear properties. While Zendura and Vivera have similar chemical structures, they exhibited differences concerning wear resistance and water absorption. Further clinical research evaluating the clinical relevance of these laboratory findings is required.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Characteristic patterns of wear and rigidity of four commercially available Essix-type retainers were observed. This information should help in the tailoring of retainer material on a case-by-case basis considering treatment-related factors and patient characteristics including parafunctional habits.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05503-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1709353766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of wear characteristics, longevity and stiffness of Essix-type retainers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Alfadil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangala","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padhraig S.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(71)90099-6","volume":"59","author":"RJ Ponitz","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ponitz RJ (1971) Invisible retainers. 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