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Baseline unstimulated saliva samples were collected before the agents were applied and <jats:italic>S.mutans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic> colony forming units (CFU) were counted. After one, three and six months, microbiological samples were re-assessed. Groups were compared at each time point and changes across time were assessed. Multivariable linear regression compared the effect of P11-4 and NSF to NaF on salivary <jats:italic>S. mutans and Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic> log count at various follow up periods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was a significant difference in salivary <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> log count after 1 month between P11-4 (B= -1.29, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049) and NaF but not at other time points nor between NSF and NaF at any time point. The significant reduction in bacterial counts lasted up to one month in all groups, to three months after using P11-4 and NaF and returned to baseline values after six months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In general, the antimicrobial effect of P11-4 and NSF on salivary <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacilli<\/jats:italic> was not significantly different from NaF varnish. P11-4 induced greater reduction more quickly than the two other agents and NSF antibacterial effect was lost after one month.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NSF varnish and P11-4 have antimicrobial activity that does not significantly differ from NaF by 3 months. P11-4 has the greatest antibacterial effect after one month with sustained effect till 3 months. The antibacterial effect of NSF lasts for one month. NaF remains effective till 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This trial was prospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry with ID: NCT04929509 on 18\/6\/2021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05562-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T01:07:37Z","timestamp":1708650457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effect of nano silver fluoride, self-assembling peptide and sodium fluoride varnish on salivary cariogenic bacteria: a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Atteya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala A.","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Safwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5562_CR1","unstructured":"Bratthall D, Carlsson P (2021) Clinical microbiology of saliva. 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