{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:54Z","timestamp":1792782774781,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present consensus paper was to provide recommendations for clinical practice considering the use of visual examination, dental radiography and adjunct methods for primary caries detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The executive councils of the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) nominated ten experts each to join the expert panel. The steering committee formed three work groups that were asked to provide recommendations on (1) caries detection and diagnostic methods, (2) caries activity assessment and (3) forming individualised caries diagnoses. The experts responsible for \u201ccaries detection and diagnostic methods\u201d searched and evaluated the relevant literature, drafted this manuscript and made provisional consensus recommendations. These recommendations were discussed and refined during the structured process in the whole work group. Finally, the agreement for each recommendation was determined using an anonymous Delphi survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recommendations (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) were approved and agreed upon by the whole expert panel: visual examination (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093), dental radiography (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093) and additional diagnostic methods (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092). While the quality of evidence was found to be heterogeneous, all recommendations were agreed upon by the expert panel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual examination is recommended as the first-choice method for the detection and assessment of caries lesions on accessible surfaces. Intraoral radiography, preferably bitewing, is recommended as an additional method. Adjunct, non-ionising radiation methods might also be useful in certain clinical situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expert panel merged evidence from the scientific literature with practical considerations and provided recommendations for their use in daily dental practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T22:02:32Z","timestamp":1711058552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["ORCA-EFCD consensus report on clinical recommendation for caries diagnosis. Paper I: caries lesion detection and depth assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"K\u00fchnisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan KM","family":"Aps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Splieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Lussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Jablonski-Momeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fausto M.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gottfried","family":"Schmalz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ricketts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Schwendicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"van der Veen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niek","family":"Opdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dom\u00e9jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Martignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus W.","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Horner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Charlotte DNJM","family":"Huysmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5597_CR1","unstructured":"Neuhaus KW, K\u00fchnisch J, Banerjee A, Martignon S, Ricketts D, Schwendicke F, van der Veen MH, Dom\u00e9jean S, Fontana M, Lussi A, Jablonski-Momeni A, Mendes FM, Douglas GVA, Schmalz G, Campus G, Aps J, Horner K, Opdam N, Huysmans MCDNJM, Splieth C (2024) : How to assess caries lesion activity and caries progression? A joint ORCA and EFCD expert Delphi consensus statement. Caries Res submitted"},{"key":"5597_CR2","unstructured":"Huysmans MCDNJM, Fontana M, Lussi A, Jablonski-Momeni A, Banerjee A, Ricketts D, Schwendicke F, Mendes FM, Douglas G, Schmalz G, Campus G, Aps JKM, Horner K, Neuhaus K, van der Veen M, Opdam N, Domejean S, Martignon S, K\u00fchnisch J, Splieth C (2024) : Recommendations on caries diagnosis at the individual level. An ORCA\/EFCD consensus document. Caries Res submitted"},{"key":"5597_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000503309","volume":"54","author":"V Machiulskiene","year":"2020","unstructured":"Machiulskiene V, Campus G, Carvalho JC, Dige I, Ekstrand KR, Jablonski-Momeni A, Maltz M, Manton DJ, Martignon S, Martinez-Mier EA, Pitts NB, Schulte AG, Splieth CH, Tenuta LMA, Ferreira Zandona A, Nyvad B (2020) Terminology of Dental Caries and Dental Caries Management: Consensus Report of a Workshop Organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR. Caries Res 54:7\u201314","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000510843","volume":"54","author":"S Paris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paris S, Banerjee A, Bottenberg P, Breschi L, Campus G, Dom\u00e9jean S, Ekstrand K, Giacaman RA, Haak R, Hannig M, Hickel R, Juric H, Lussi A, Machiulskiene V, Manton D, Jablonski-Momeni A, Santamaria R, Schwendicke F, Splieth CH, Tassery H, Zandona A, Zero D, Zimmer S, Opdam N (2020) How to intervene in the Caries process in older adults: a joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement. Caries Res 54:1\u20137","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000508899","volume":"54","author":"RM Santamar\u00eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santamar\u00eda RM, Abudrya MH, G\u00fcl G, Mourad MS, Gomez GF, Zandona AGF (2020) How to intervene in the Caries process: Dentin Caries in primary teeth. Caries Res 54:306\u2013323","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03431-0","volume":"24","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Splieth CH, Bottenberg P, Breschi L, Campus G, Dom\u00e9jean S, Ekstrand K, Giacaman RA, Haak R, Hannig M, Hickel R, Juric H, Lussi A, Machiulskiene V, Manton D, Jablonski-Momeni A, Opdam N, Paris S, Santamaria R, Tassery H, Zandona A, Zero D, Zimmer S, Banerjee A (2020) How to intervene in the caries process in adults: proximal and secondary caries? An EFCD-ORCA-DGZ expert Delphi consensus statement. Clin Oral Investig 24:3315\u20133321","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000507692","volume":"54","author":"CH Splieth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Splieth CH, Banerjee A, Bottenberg P, Breschi L, Campus G, Ekstrand KR, Giacaman RA, Haak R, Hannig M, Hickel R, Juric H, Lussi A, Machiulskiene V, Manton DJ, Jablonski-Momeni A, Opdam NJM, Paris S, Santamar\u00eda RM, Schwendicke F, Tassery H, Ferreira Zandona A, Zero DT, Zimmer S, Dom\u00e9jean S (2020) How to intervene in the Caries process in children: a joint ORCA and EFCD Expert Delphi Consensus Statement. Caries Res 54:297\u2013305","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03268-7","volume":"24","author":"H Askar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Askar H, Krois J, G\u00f6stemeyer G, Bottenberg P, Zero D, Banerjee A, Schwendicke F (2020) Secondary caries: what is it, and how it can be controlled, detected, and managed? Clin Oral Investig 24:1869\u20131876","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03201-y","volume":"24","author":"CH Splieth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Splieth CH, Kanzow P, Wiegand A, Schmoeckel J, Jablonski-Momeni A (2020) How to intervene in the caries process: proximal caries in adolescents and adults-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 24:1623\u20131636","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1159\/000501588","volume":"53","author":"H Meyer-Lueckel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meyer-Lueckel H, Machiulskiene V, Giacaman RA (2019) How to intervene in the Root caries process? Systematic review and Meta-analyses. Caries Res 53:599\u2013608","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000217","volume":"7","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Simera I, Altman DG (2010) Guidance for developers of health research reporting guidelines. PLoS Med 7:e1000217","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"5597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00347.x","volume":"35","author":"AI Ismail","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ismail AI, Sohn W, Tellez M, Amaya A, Sen A, Hasson H, Pitts NB (2007) The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): an integrated system for measuring dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 35:170\u2013178","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"5597_CR13","unstructured":"Pitts N (ed) (2009) Detection"},{"key":"5597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000486429","volume":"52","author":"KR Ekstrand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ekstrand KR, Gimenez T, Ferreira FR, Mendes FM, Braga MM (2018) The International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS: a systematic review. Caries Res 52:406\u2013419","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12430","volume":"47","author":"M ElSalhy","year":"2019","unstructured":"ElSalhy M, Ali U, Lai H, Flores-Mir C, Amin M (2019) Caries reporting in studies that used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System: a scoping review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 47:92\u2013102","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"5597_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"P Foros","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foros P, Oikonomou E, Koletsi D, Rahiotis C (2021) Detection methods for early caries diagnosis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Caries Res 15:1\u201313","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12021","volume":"41","author":"J Gomez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomez J, Tellez M, Pretty IA, Ellwood RP, Ismail AI (2013) Non-cavitated carious lesions detection methods: a systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 41:54\u201366","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"5597_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515586763","volume":"94","author":"T Gimenez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gimenez T, Piovesan C, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, Ekstrand KR, Mendes FM (2015) Visual inspection for Caries Detection: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 94:895\u2013904","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"5597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000262404","volume":"31","author":"KR Ekstrand","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ekstrand KR, Ricketts DN, Kidd EA (1997) Reproducibility and accuracy of three methods for assessment of demineralization depth of the occlusal surface: an in vitro examination. Caries Res 31:224\u2013231","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000016526","volume":"33","author":"B Nyvad","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V (1999) Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res 33:252\u2013260","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6092500","volume":"6","author":"J K\u00fchnisch","year":"2009","unstructured":"K\u00fchnisch J, Goddon I, Berger S, Senkel H, B\u00fccher K, Oehme T, Hickel R, Heinrich-Weltzien R (2009) Development, Methodology and potential of the New Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) for Caries Detection and diagnosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6:2500\u20132509","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"5597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0390-1","volume":"15","author":"J K\u00fchnisch","year":"2011","unstructured":"K\u00fchnisch J, B\u00fccher K, Henschel V, Albrecht A, Garcia-Godoy F, Mansmann U, Hickel R, Heinrich-Weltzien R (2011) Diagnostic performance of the Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) on occlusal surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 15:215\u2013223","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2011.00022.x","volume":"61","author":"JE Frencken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frencken JE, de Amorim RG, Faber J, Leal SC (2011) The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development. Int Dent J 61:117\u2013123","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"5597_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0678-8","volume":"227","author":"S Martignon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martignon S, Pitts NB, Goffin G, Mazevet M, Douglas GVA, Newton JT, Twetman S, Deery C, Dom\u00e9jean S, Jablonski-Momeni A, Banerjee A, Kolker J, Ricketts D, Santamaria RM (2019) CariesCare practice guide: consensus on evidence into practice. Br Dent J 227:353\u2013362","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"5597_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-3732-2","volume":"231","author":"NB Pitts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pitts NB, Banerjee A, Mazevet ME, Goffin G, Martignon S (2021) From \u2018ICDAS\u2019 to \u2018CariesCare International\u2019: the 20-year journey building international consensus to take caries evidence into clinical practice. Br Dent J 231:769\u2013774","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"5597_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03446.x","volume":"62","author":"JD Bader","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bader JD, Shugars DA, Bonito AJ (2002) A systematic review of the performance of methods for identifying carious lesions. J Public Health Dent 62:201\u2013213","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000365948","volume":"49","author":"T Gimenez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gimenez T, Piovesan C, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, Ekstrand KR, Mendes FM (2015) Clinical relevance of studies on the accuracy of visual inspection for detecting caries lesions: a systematic review. Caries Res 49:91\u201398","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"5597_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12641","volume":"49","author":"T Gimenez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gimenez T, Tedesco TK, Janoian F, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DNJ, Ekstrand KR, Mendes FM (2021) What is the most accurate method for detecting caries lesions? A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 49:216\u2013224","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"5597_CR29","first-page":"CD014546","volume":"14","author":"R Macey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, O\u2019Malley L, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D (2021) Visual or visual-tactile examination to detect and inform the diagnosis of enamel caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 14:CD014546","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5597_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04024-1","volume":"25","author":"S Kapor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kapor S, Rankovic MJ, Khazaei Y, Crispin A, Sch\u00fcler I, Krause F, Lussi A, Neuhaus K, Eggmann F, Michou S, Ekstrand K, Huysmans MC, K\u00fchnisch J (2021) Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods for occlusal surface caries. Clin Oral Investig 25:4801\u20134815","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04113-1","volume":"25","author":"M Janjic Rankovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janjic Rankovic M, Kapor S, Khazaei Y, Crispin A, Sch\u00fcler I, Krause F, Ekstrand K, Michou S, Eggmann F, Lussi A, Huysmans M-C, Neuhaus K, K\u00fchnisch J (2021) Systematic review and meta-analysis of caries diagnostic studies on proximal surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 25:6069\u20136079","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153223","volume":"10","author":"J K\u00fchnisch","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00fchnisch J, Janjic Rankovic M, Kapor S, Sch\u00fcler I, Krause F, Michou S, Ekstrand K, Eggmann F, Lussi A, Neuhaus K, Huysmans MC (2021) Identifying and avoiding risk of bias in caries diagnostic studies. J Clin Med 10:3223","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"5597_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-40.3.221","volume":"40","author":"D Goel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goel D, Sandhu M, Jhingan P, Sachdev V (2016) Effectiveness of Air Drying and Magnification methods for detecting initial caries on Occlusal surfaces using three different diagnostic aids. J Clin Pediatr Dent 40:221\u2013226","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.09.002","volume":"43","author":"KW Neuhaus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neuhaus KW, Jost F, Perrin P, Lussi A (2015) Impact of different magnification levels on visual caries detection with ICDAS. J Dent 43:1559\u20131564","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0291-z","volume":"16","author":"P Bottenberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bottenberg P, Jacquet W, Behrens C, Stachniss V, Jablonski-Momeni A (2016) Comparison of occlusal caries detection using the ICDAS criteria on extracted teeth or their photographs. BMC Oral Health 16:93","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"5597_CR36","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation Protection in Dental Radiology (2022) Safety Report Series No. 108, IAEA, Vienna. https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/PUB1972_Web.pdf"},{"key":"5597_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-020-00544-8","volume":"21","author":"JWG Van Acker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Acker JWG, Pauwels NS, Cauwels RGEC, Rajasekharan S (2020) Outcomes of different radioprotective precautions in children undergoing dental radiography: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21:463\u2013508","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150281","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20150281","volume":"45","author":"L Gaalaas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaalaas L, Tyndall D, Mol A, Everett ET, Bangdiwala A (2016) Ex vivo evaluation of new 2D and 3D dental radiographic technology for detecting caries. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 45:20150281","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/30526171","volume":"41","author":"K Kamburoglu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamburoglu K, Kolsuz E, Murat S, Y\u00fcksel S, Ozen T (2012) Proximal caries detection accuracy using intraoral bitewing radiography, extraoral bitewing radiography and panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41:450\u2013459","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150159","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20150159","volume":"45","author":"GL Terry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Terry GL, Noujeim M, Langlais RP, Moore WS, Prihoda TJ (2016) A clinical comparison of extraoral panoramic and intraoral radiographic modalities for detecting proximal caries and visualizing open posterior interproximal contacts. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 45:20150159","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150326","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20150326","volume":"45","author":"WH Abu El-Ela","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abu El-Ela WH, Farid MM, Mostafa MS (2016) Intraoral versus extraoral bitewing radiography in detection of enamel proximal caries: an ex vivo study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 45:20150326","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR42","first-page":"290","volume":"2","author":"M Abdinian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdinian M, Razavi SM, Faghihian R, Samety AA, Faghihian E (2015) Accuracy of Digital Bitewing Radiography versus different views of Digital Panoramic Radiography for Detection of Proximal Caries. J Dent (Tehran) 2:290\u2013297","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"5597_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210197","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210197","volume":"51","author":"RH Putra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Putra RH, Doi C, Yoda N, Astuti ER, Sasaki K (2022) Current applications and development of artificial intelligence for digital dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 51:20210197","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211049695","volume":"101","author":"G Schmalz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmalz G, Jakubovics N, Schwendicke F (2022) Normative approaches for oral health: Standards, specifications, and guidelines. J Dent Res 101:489\u2013494","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"5597_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221113756","volume":"101","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Cejudo Grano de Oro J, Garcia Cantu A, Meyer-Lueckel H, Chaurasia A, Krois J (2022) Artificial Intelligence for Caries Detection: value of data and information. J Dent Res 101:1350\u20131356","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"5597_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-5855-0","volume":"234","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, B\u00fcttner M (2023) Artificial intelligence: advances and pitfalls. Br Dent J 234:749\u2013750","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"5597_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-020-00532-y","volume":"21","author":"JKM Aps","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aps JKM, Lim LZ, Tong HJ, Kalia B, Chou AM (2020) Diagnostic efficacy of and indications for intraoral radiographs in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21:429\u2013462","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00478-w","volume":"21","author":"K Tsiklakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsiklakis K, Mitsea A, Tsichlaki A, Pandis N (2020) A systematic review of relative indications and contra-indications for prescribing panoramic radiographs in dental paediatric patients. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21:387\u2013406","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00504-x","volume":"21","author":"K Horner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horner K, Barry S, Dave M, Dixon C, Littlewood A, Pang CL, Sengupta A, Srinivasan V (2020) Diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21:407\u2013426","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00493-x","volume":"21","author":"J K\u00fchnisch","year":"2020","unstructured":"K\u00fchnisch J, Anttonen V, Duggal MS, Spyridonos ML, Rajasekharan S, Sobczak M, Stratigaki E, Van Acker JWG, Aps JKM, Horner K, Tsiklakis K (2020) Best clinical practice guidance for prescribing dental radiographs in children and adolescents: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 21:375\u2013386","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR51","first-page":"CD014545","volume":"3","author":"T Walsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walsh T, Macey R, Riley P, Glenny AM, Schwendicke F, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D, Su TL, Sengupta A (2021) Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD014545","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5597_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210010","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210010","volume":"50","author":"A Wenzel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wenzel A (2021) Radiographic modalities for diagnosis of caries in a historical perspective: from film to machine-intelligence supported systems. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 50:20210010","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"key":"5597_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.02.009","volume":"43","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Tzschoppe M, Paris S (2015) Radiographic caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 43:924\u2013933","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0051","volume":"135","author":"JD Bader","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bader JD, Shugars DA (2004) A systematic review of the performance of a laser fluorescence device for detecting caries. J Am Dent Assoc 135:1413\u20131426","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"5597_CR55","first-page":"CD013811","volume":"12","author":"R Macey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, Fee PA, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D (2020) Fluorescence devices for the detection of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD013811","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5597_CR56","first-page":"CD013855","volume":"1","author":"R Macey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Hogan R, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D (2021) Transillumination and optical coherence tomography for the detection and diagnosis of enamel caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD013855","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5597_CR57","first-page":"CD014547","volume":"3","author":"R Macey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, Glenny AM, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Ricketts D (2021) Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD014547","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5597_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103351","volume":"98","author":"MIG Ortiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortiz MIG, de Melo Alencar C, De Paula BLF, Magno MB, Maia LC, Silva CM (2020) Accuracy of near-infrared light transillumination (NILT) compared to bitewing radiograph for detection of interproximal caries in the permanent dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 98:103351","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1928","volume":"17","author":"S Dom\u00e9jean","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dom\u00e9jean S, Rongier J, Muller-Bolla M (2016) Detection of Occlusal Carious Lesion using the SoproLife Camera: a systematic review. J Contemp Dent Pract 17:774\u2013779","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"5597_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060421","volume":"8","author":"T Gimenez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gimenez T, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, Mendes FM (2013) Fluorescence-based methods for detecting caries lesions: systematic review, meta-analysis and sources of heterogeneity. PLoS ONE 8:e60421","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"5597_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-S1-S3","volume":"15","author":"J Gomez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomez J (2015) Detection and diagnosis of the early caries lesion. BMC Oral Health 15(Suppl1):S3","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"5597_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2015.10.009","volume":"15","author":"S Twetman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Twetman S (2015) Visual inspection Displays Good Accuracy for detecting caries lesions. J Evid Based Dent Pract 15:182\u2013184","journal-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract"},{"key":"5597_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515617937","volume":"95","author":"F Schwendicke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwendicke F, Brouwer F, Paris S, Stolpe M (2016) Detecting Proximal secondary caries lesions: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Dent Res 95:152\u2013159","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"5597_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04173-3","volume":"26","author":"K Neuhaus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neuhaus K, Eggmann F, K\u00fchnisch J, Kapor S, Janjic Rankovic M, Sch\u00fcler I, Krause F, Lussi A, Ekstrand K, Michou S, Huysmans MC (2022) STAndard Reporting of CAries Detection and Diagnostic studies (STARCARDDS). Clin Oral Investig 26:1947\u20131955","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5597_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.05.018","volume":"75","author":"C Signori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Signori C, Gimenez T, Mendes FM, Huysmans MDNJM, Opdam NJM, Cenci MS (2018) Clinical relevance of studies on the visual and radiographic methods for detecting secondary caries lesions - a systematic review. J Dent 75:22\u201333","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"5597_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113579","volume":"9","author":"M Prados-Privado","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prados-Privado M, Garc\u00eda Villal\u00f3n J, Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez CH, Ivorra C, Prados-Frutos JC (2020) Dental Caries diagnosis and detection using neural networks: a systematic review. J Clin Med 9:3579","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"5597_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14659","author":"M Moharrami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moharrami M, Farmer J, Singhal S, Watson E, Glogauer M, Johnson AEW, Schwendicke F, Quinonez C (2023) Detecting dental caries on oral photographs using artificial intelligence: a systematic review. Oral Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.14659Epub ahead of print","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"5597_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200375","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200375","volume":"50","author":"MS Heo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heo MS, Kim JE, Hwang JJ, Han SS, Kim JS, Yi WJ, Park IW (2021) Artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial radiology: what is currently possible? Dentomaxillofac Radiol 50:20200375","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T02:09:20Z","timestamp":1712887760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05597-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"227"}}