{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:52:50Z","timestamp":1787676770104,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The objective of this single-use, five-treatment, five-period, cross-over randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the efficacy in dental plaque removal of a new Y-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (Y-brush) compared to a U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (U-brush), a manual toothbrushing procedure (for 45 and 120\u00a0s), and no brushing (negative control).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eligible participants were volunteer students randomized to the treatments in the five periods of the study. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) after brushing while the secondary outcome variable was a visual analogic scale (VAS) on subjective clean mouth sensation. Mixed models were performed for difference in FMPS and VAS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After brushing procedures, manual toothbrushing (120\u00a0s) showed a statistically significant reduction in FMPS than Y-brush (difference 36.9; 95%CI 29.6 to 44.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), U-brush (difference 42.3; 95%CI 35.1 to 49.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), manual brushing (45\u00a0s) (difference 13.8; 95%CI 6.5 to 21.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and No brushing (difference 46.6; 95%CI 39.3 to 53.9, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Y-brush was significantly more effective than No brushing (difference 9.8; 95%CI 2.5 to 17.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0030), while there was no significant difference compared to U- brush. Similar results were obtained for the differences in the Clean Mouth VAS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Y-brush was significantly more effective than no brushing (negative control) in removing dental plaque. When compared to manual toothbrushing for both 45 and 120\u00a0s, however, Y-brush was less effective in dental plaque removal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Modified design of automatic toothbrushing devices could improve plaque reduction, especially in patients with intellectual disabilities or motor difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T03:11:59Z","timestamp":1710385919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of an automatic electric toothbrush with nylon bristles in dental plaque removal: a cross-over randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Maria Denisa","family":"Statie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lomonaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Nieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Giuntini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5601_CR1","first-page":"87","volume":"14","author":"CJ Seneviratne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seneviratne CJ, Zhang CF, Samaranayake LP (2011) Dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease. Chin J Dent Res 14(2):87\u201394","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"},{"key":"5601_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12359","volume":"16","author":"FA Van der Weijden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van der Weijden FA, Slot DE (2015) Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review. J Clin Periodontol 42 Suppl 16:S77\u2013S91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12359","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol 42 Suppl"},{"key":"5601_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002203457705600312011","author":"JC Greene","year":"1977","unstructured":"Greene JC, Suomi JD (1977) Epidemiology and public health aspects of caries and periodontal disease. J Dent Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002203457705600312011. 56 Spec No:C20-C26","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5601_CR4","first-page":"181","volume":"6","author":"M Nieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nieri M, Giani M, Pagliaro U, Picciullo A, Franceschi D, Rotundo R (2013) Efficacy and preference of manual toothbrushes: a randomised, single blind, controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 6(2):181\u2013188","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Implantol"},{"key":"5601_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM (2014) Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 6CD002281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002281.pub3","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002281.pub3"},{"issue":"1","key":"5601_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12401","volume":"18","author":"TA Elkerbout","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elkerbout TA, Slot DE, Rosema NAM, Van der Weijden GA (2020) How effective is a powered toothbrush as compared to a manual toothbrush? A systematic review and meta-analysis of single brushing exercises. Int J Dent Hyg 18(1):17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/idh.12401","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hyg"},{"issue":"13","key":"5601_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134649","volume":"17","author":"M Nieri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nieri M, Giuntini V, Pagliaro U, Giani M, Franchi L, Franceschi D (2020) Efficacy of a U-Shaped Automatic Electric Toothbrush in Dental Plaque removal: a cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(13):4649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17134649","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5601_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04755-9","volume":"27","author":"M Keller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Keller M, Keller G, Eller T, Sigwart L, Wiesm\u00fcller V, Steiner R, Offermanns V, Kapferer-Seebacher I (2023) Cleansing efficacy of an auto-cleaning toothbrushing device with nylon bristles: a randomized-controlled pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 27(2):603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04755-9","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"5601_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","volume":"340","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG (2010) CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 340:c869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c869","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"5601_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1972.43.1.38","volume":"43","author":"TJ O\u2019Leary","year":"1972","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary TJ, Drake RB, Naylor JE (1972) The plaque control record. 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Clin Trials Dent 3(2):32\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36130\/CTD.02.2021.04","journal-title":"Clin Trials Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"5601_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012628","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012628.pub2","volume":"5","author":"C Waldron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waldron C, Nunn J, Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Comiskey C, Guerin S, van Harten MT, Donnelly-Swift E, Clarke MJ (2019) Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5(5):CD012628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012628.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T06:07:00Z","timestamp":1712902020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05601-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved on July 17th, 2022, by the ethical committee (Comitato Etico Regione Toscana Area Vasta Centro, approval number 22019_spe). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"211"}}