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Additionally, white-colored barium sulfate was injected into a fetus with a unilateral complete cleft palate,  and\u00a0layer-by-layer tissue dissection\u00a0was\u00a0performed. Both substances were\u00a0injected into the external carotid arteries. Corrosion casting involved dissolving the soft and hard tissues of the orofacial area utilizing an enzymatic solution.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In normal palates, bilateral intraosseous infraorbital arteries formed a network in the premaxilla with the intraosseous nasopalatine- and greater palatine arteries (GPAs). The perforating GPAs anastomosed with the sphenopalatine artery sub-branches. Bilateral extraosseous GPA anastomoses penetrated the median palatine suture. Complex vascularization in the retrotuberal area was detected. In the cleft zone, anastomoses were omitted, whereas in the non-cleft zone, enlarged GPAs were distributed along the cleft edges and followed the anatomical course anteriorly to initiate the network with facial artery sub-branches.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The anatomical subunits of the palate exhibited distinct anastomosis patterns. Despite omitted anastomoses with collateral circulation in the cleft zone, arteries maintained their anatomical pattern as seen in the normal specimen in the non-cleft zone.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on the findings in normal- and cleft palates, surgeons may expect developed anastomosis patterns in the non-cleft zone. Due to the lack of microcirculation in the cleft zone, the existent anastomoses should be maintained as much as possible by the surgical technique. This applies anteriorly in the incisive canal territory, alveolar ridges, and posteriorly in the retrotuberal area.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05627-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T10:02:16Z","timestamp":1714125736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Is the collateral circulation pattern in the hard palate affected by cleft deformity?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Arvin","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Mezey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gschwindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Baksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reha S.","family":"Kisnisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5627_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933","volume":"12","author":"MJ Dixon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC (2011) Cleft lip and palate: Understanding genetic and environmental influences. 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