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Since many more cofactors exist, this study investigated the association between maxillary micrognathia and morphological changes of posterior airway space and adenoids in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cephalometric radiographs of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200973 patients were used for data acquisition. The patients were divided into two groups according to certain skeletal characteristics: maxillary micrognathia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934, 16 female, 18 male; mean age 10.55\u2009\u00b1\u20093.03\u00a0years; defined by a SNA angle\u2009&lt;\u200979\u00b0) and maxillary eugnathia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939, 19 female, 20 male; mean age 10.93\u2009\u00b1\u20093.26\u00a0years; defined by a SNA angle\u2009&gt;\u200979\u00b0). The evaluation included established procedures for measurements of the maxilla, posterior airway space and adenoids. Statistics included Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov-, T- and Mann\u2013Whitney-U-Tests for the radiographs. The level of significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cephalometric analysis showed differences in the superior posterior face height and the depth of the posterior airway space at palatal level among the two groups. The depth of the posterior airway space at mandibular level was the same for both groups, just as the size of the area taken by adenoids in the nasopharynx.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Skeletal anomalies affect the dimension of the posterior airway space. There were differences among the subjects with maxillary micrognathia and these with a normal maxilla. However, the maxilla was only assessed in the sagittal direction, not in the transverse. This study showed that the morphology of the maxilla relates to the posterior airway space whereas the adenoids seem not to be affected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Maxillary micrognathia is significantly associated with a smaller depth of the posterior airway space at the palatal level compared to patients with maxillary eugnathia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05657-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T17:01:47Z","timestamp":1713286907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of PAS and adenoids in patients with and without maxillary micrognathia before orthodontic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Tabellion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Lucas Felix Gustav","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanze Charlotte","family":"Linsenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg Alexander","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"5657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/s0901-5027(05)80007-4","volume":"20","author":"L Andersson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Andersson L, Brattstr\u00f6m V (1991) Cephalometric analysis of permanently snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. 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Ethical approval for this retrospective study was granted by the Ethical Committee of \u00c4rztekammer des Saarlandes, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany (Decision Number: 117\/18).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"252"}}