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A 970\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0nm diode laser plus indocyanine-green for aPDT group, a 626\u00a0nm LED for photobiomodulation group, and topical gaseous ozone were applied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 postoperative days and compared to control group. The clinical periodontal parameters, early wound healing index (EHI), and postoperative patients\u2019 morbidity were evaluated. The mRNA levels of biomarkers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No significant difference in the clinical parameters except gingival recession (GR) was identified among the groups. For group-by-time interactions, plaque index (PI) and probing pocket depths (PD) showed significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). In sites with initial PD\u2009&gt;\u20097\u00a0mm, significant differences were observed between control and photobiomodulation groups in PD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011), between control and aPDT, and control and photobiomodulation groups in CAL at 6-month follow-up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). The relative osterix mRNA levels showed a statistically significant difference among the treatment groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The additional applications of aPDT and LED after regenerative treatment of stage III\/IV grade C periodontitis exhibited a more pronounced beneficial effect on clinical outcomes in deep periodontal pockets.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05794-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T03:28:51Z","timestamp":1720754931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, light-emitting-diode photobiomodulation and ozone therapy in regenerative treatment of stage III\/IV grade C periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Deniz Ozbay","family":"Cetiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sila Cagri","family":"Isler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahsan","family":"Ilikci-Sagkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janset","family":"Sengul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Kaymaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahu Uraz","family":"Corekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5794_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","volume":"89","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N et al (2018) Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World workshop on the classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant diseases and conditions. 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