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However, there is a lack of information on the effects of periodontal healing in smokers with periodontitis. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation given as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment on clinical parameters in smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study included a total of 80 periodontitis patients, 40 non-smokers and 40 smokers who were systemically healthy. In this study, patients were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group 1 (Subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone\/nonsmoker), Group 2 (SI alone\/smoker), Group 3 (SI\u2009+\u2009Omega-3\/nonsmoker) and Group 4 (SI\u2009+\u2009Omega-3\/smoker). Group 3 and 4 consumed 1320\u00a0mg Omega-3 capsule (640\u00a0mg EPA, 480\u00a0mg DHA) once a day for 3 months. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP %) were recorded at baseline, 1 month and 3 months after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significant improvement of all clinical parameters at 1 and 3 months was observed in all groups. Whole mouth CAL, GI and BOP% were significantly reduced in group 4 compared to group 2 at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). For moderately deep pockets (4\u20136\u00a0mm) and deep pockets (7\u00a0mm\u2264), PD and CAL reductions were significantly greater in groups taking omega \u2212\u20093 (group 3 and group 4) compared to groups not taking omega-3 (group 1 and group 2) between baseline and 1 month and between baseline and 3 months (p \u02c2 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Omega-3 supplementation given as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment provided significant benefit in the improvement of clinical parameters (especially for CAL and PD) in the short term in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nonsurgical periodontal treatment with omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant improvements in clinical parameters in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05835-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T04:01:58Z","timestamp":1721448118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in the periodontal treatment of smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8824-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Levent","family":"Savran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Sa\u011flam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abusleme L, Hoare A, Hong BY, Diaz PI (2021) Microbial signatures of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. 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